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Organ donation is the donation of biological tissue or an organ of the human body, from a living or dead person to a living recipient in need of a transplantation. Transplantable organs and tissuesare removed in a surgical procedure following a determination, based on the donor's medical and social history, of which are suitable for transplantation.
Certain groups, like the Roma (gypsies),oppose organ donation on religious grounds, but most [13] of the world's religions support donation as a charitable act of great benefit to the community. Issues surrounding patient autonomy, livingwills, and guardianship make it nearly impossible for involuntary organ donation to occur.
From the standpoint of deontological ethics, the primary issues surrounding the morality of organ donation aresemantical in nature. The debate over the definitions of life, death, human, and body is ongoing.
On teleological or utilitarian grounds, the moral status of "black market organ donation" relies uponthe ends, rather than the means.[citation needed] In so far as those who donate organs are often impoverished[citation needed] and those who can afford black market organs are typicallywell-off,[citation needed] it would appear that there is an imbalance in the trade. In many cases, those in need of organs are put on waiting lists for legal organs for indeterminate lengths of time — many die whilestill on a waiting list.
The demand for organs significantly surpasses the number of donors everywhere in the world. There are more potential recipients on organ donation waiting lists than organdonors. In particular, due to significant advances in dialysis techniques, patients suffering from end-stage renal disease (ESRD) can survive longer than ever before. Because these patients don't die asquickly as they used to, and as kidney failure increases with the rising age and prevalence of high blood pressure and diabetes in a society, the need especially for kidneys rises every year....