juana de arco



Joan of Arc (French: Jeanne d'Arc1412 – 30 May 1431), nicknamed "The Maid of Orléans" (French: La Pucelle d'Orléans), is a folk heroine of France and a Roman Catholic saint. She was born a peasant girl in what is now eastern France. Claiming divine guidance, she led the French army to several important victories during the Hundred Years' War, which paved the way for the coronation of CharlesVII of France. She was captured by the Burgundians, transferred to the English in exchange for money, put on trial by the pro-English Bishop of Beauvais Pierr Cauchon for charges of "insubordination and heterodoxy", and was burned at the stake for heresy when she was 19 years old.
Twenty-five years after her execution, an inquisitorial court authorized by Pope Callixtus IIIexamined the trial,pronounced her innocent, and declared her a martyr. Joan of Arc wasbeatified  in 1909 and canonized in 1920. She is – along with St. Denis, St. Martin of Tours,St. Louis IX, and St. Theresa of Lisieux – one of the patron saints of France. Joan said she had received visions from God instructing her to support Charles VII and recover France from English domination late in the Hundred Years' War. Theuncrowned King Charles VII sent her to the siege of Orléans as part of a relief mission. She gained prominence when she overcame the dismissive attitude of veteran commanders and lifted the siege in only nine days. Several additional swift victories led to Charles VII's coronation at Reims.

Joan was born the daughter of Jacques d'Arc and Isabelle Romée. in Domrémy, a village which was then inthe French part of the duchy of Bar, or Barrois mouvant, situated West of the Meus River, while the rest of the duchy (East of the Meuse) was a part of the Holy Roman Empire. The duchy of Bar was later incorporated to the province of Lorraine and the village of Domrémy renamed Domrémy-la-Pucelle, in honor of Joan of Arc. Joan's parents owned about 50 acres (20 hectares) of land and her fathersupplemented his farming work with a minor position as a village official, collecting taxes and heading the local watch. They lived in an isolated patch of eastern France that remained loyal to the French crown despite being surrounded by Burgundian lands. Several local raids occurred during her childhood and on one occasion her village was burned.
Joan said she was about 19 at her trial, so she musthave been born around the year 1412. She later testified that she experienced her first vision around 1424 at the age of 12 years, when she was out alone in a field and saw visions of figures she identified as Saint Michael, Saint Catherine, and Saint Margaret, who told her to drive out the English and bring the Dauphin to Reims for his coronation. She said she cried when they left, as they were sobeautiful.
At the age of 16, she asked a kinsman, Durand Lassois, to bring her to nearby Vaucouleurs, where she petitioned the garrison commander, Count Robert de Baudricourt, for permission to visit the royal French court at Chinon. Baudricourt's sarcastic response did not deter her. She returned the following January and gained support from two men of standing: Jean de Metz and Bertrand dePoulengy Under their auspices, she gained a second meeting, where she made a remarkable prediction about a military reversalnear Orléans.


Juana de Arco (Francés: Jeanne d'Arc1412 - 30 mayo 1431), apodado "La doncella de Orléans" (en francés: La Pucelle d'Orléans), es una heroína popular de Francia y un santo católico. Nació una niña campesina en lo que hoy es el este de Francia. Reivindicaciónde la guía divina, lideró el ejército francés a varias victorias importantes durante la Guerra de los Cien Años, que allanó el camino para la coronación de Carlos VII de Francia. Fue capturada por los borgoñones, transferidos al Inglés a cambio de dinero, llevado a juicio por el Obispo pro-Inglés de Beauvais Pierr Cauchon por cargos de "insubordinación y heterodoxia", y fue quemado en la hoguera...