Junk Dna

WHAT IS JUNK DNA?
DNA is an informational molecule encoding the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and many viruses. DNA is one of the threemajor macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life. Genetic information is encoded as a sequence of nucleotides (guanine, adenine, thymine, and cytosine).Most DNA molecules aredouble-stranded helices, consisting of two long polymers of simple units called nucleotides, molecules with backbones made of alternating sugars and phosphate groups, with the nucleobases attached to thesugars. DNA is well-suited for biological information storage, since the DNA backbone is resistant to cleavage and the double-stranded structure provides the molecule with a built-in duplicate of theencoded information. A part of this acid is considered noncoding DNA which is a term that describes components of an organism's DNA sequences that do not encode protein sequences. Some noncoding DNA istranscribed into functional noncoding RNA molecules, while others are not transcribed or give rise to RNA transcripts of unknown function. The amount of noncoding DNA varies greatly among species.Initially, a large proportion of noncoding DNA had no known biological function and was therefore sometimes referred to as "junk DNA". Some sequences may have no biological function for the organism, suchas endogenous retroviruses. However, many types of noncoding DNA sequences do have important biological functions, including the transcriptional and translational regulation of protein-codingsequences. Other noncoding sequences have likely, but as-yet undetermined, functions. Latest studies displays that the human genome is packed with at least four million gene switches that reside in bits ofDNA that were dismissed as “junk” turn out to play critical roles in controlling how cells, organs and other tissues behave. The discovery, considered a major medical and scientific breakthrough, has...