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A sprain is an injury in a joint, caused by the ligament being stretched beyond its capacity. A muscular tear caused in the same manner is referred to as a strain. In cases where eitherligament or muscle tissue is torn, immobilization and surgical repair may be necessary. Ligaments are tough, fibrous tissues that connect bones to other bones. Sprains can occur in any joint but are mostcommon in the ankle and wrist.
The first modality for a sprain can be remembered using the acronym RICE. The treatment of sprains depends on the extent of injury and the joint involved. Medicationslike non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can relieve pain. Weight bearing should be gradual and advanced as tolerated.
* Rest: The sprain should be rested. No additional force should be applied onsite of the sprain. In case of, for example, a sprained ankle, walking should be kept to a minimum.
* Ice: Ice should be applied immediately to the sprain to reduce swelling and pain. It can beapplied for 10-15 minutes at a time (longer application of ice may cause damage instead of healing), 3-4 times a day. Ice can be combined with a wrapping to minimize swelling and provide support.* Compression: Dressings, bandages, or ace-wraps should be used to immobilize the sprain and provide support. When wrapping the injury, more pressure should be applied at the far end of the injuryand decrease in the direction of the heart; the reason for this is that it more easily causes unnecessary fluid to be flushed back up the blood stream in order to be recycled. Compression should not cutoff the circulation of the limb.
* Elevate: Keeping the sprained joint elevated (in relation to the rest of the body) will also help to minimize swelling.
Ice and compression (cold compressiontherapy) will not completely stop swelling and pain, but will help to minimize them as the sprain begins to heal itself. Careful management of swelling is critical to the healing process as...