Lab de registros

Introduction to Microprocessors
Sonia H. Contreras Ortiz, PhD.
Juan Carlos Martínez Santos, PhD.
Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
Cartagena de Indias

Outline
Outline
History – Firstcomputers
Hi
History – Microprocessors
Moore’s law
Performance
Basic computer organization
Computer level hierarchy
Types of architecture
Von‐Newman
Hardvard
Multicore
Exercises

HistoryHistory – First computers
1946. ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And 
Computer)
It was the first general purpose electronic
computer. 
It was designed at                                      University of                                                   
Pennsilvania.
It used 17,468 vacuum                                           
tubes.

History
History – First computers1951. UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer)
UNIVAC I was the first commercial computer.
It used 5200 vacuum tubes.
UNIVAC II had more memory and applications
than the first version.

History
History– First computers
1958. IBM 7090.
It was based on transistors.
It was designed for large‐scale scientific and 
technological applications.
The 7090 used a 36‐bit 
word length, with an address‐space of 32K

History
History – First computers
1965. DEC PDP‐8
First sucessful commercial minicomputer.
It used diode‐transistor logic.It was the size of a small                                        
fridge.
It costed US $16000.

History
History ‐ Microprocessors
1971. Intel 4004.
It held 2300 transistors. In 2010, an Intel Core 
processor holds 560 million transistors.It could add two 4 bits words and multiply with 
successive additions.
It
It could address 640 bytes                                           
of memory.
Max. clock speed:  748KHz. 

History
History ‐ Microprocessors
1972. Intel 8008
Itheld 3500 transistors.
8‐bit CPU
It could address 16KB
1974. Intel 8080
It was the first general purpose microprocessor.
It held 6000 transistors...