Learn c

Learn C#
Includes the C# 3.0 Features

Sam A. Abolrous

Wordware Publishing, Inc.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Abolrous, Sam A. Learn C# / by Sam A. Abolrous. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN-13: 978-1-59822-035-3 (pbk.) ISBN-10: 1-59822-035-7 1. C# (Computer program language) I. Title. QA76.73.C154A416 2007 005.13'3--dc22

2007024261

© 2008, Wordware Publishing,Inc. All Rights Reserved 1100 Summit Avenue, Suite 102 Plano, Texas 75074

No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from Wordware Publishing, Inc. Printed in the United States of America

ISBN-13: 978-1-59822-035-3 ISBN-10: 1-59822-035-7 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0708

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To Camelia, my love and my wife.

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Contents
Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii
Chapter 1

Introduction to C# and .NET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1-1Object-Oriented Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1-2 C#: The OOP Language. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1-3 The .NET Framework. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1-3-1 CLR and Managed Code. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1-3-2 MSIL and JIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 1-3-3 Metadata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1-3-4 Assemblies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1-3-5 Garbage Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1-3-6 Putting Things Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1-3-7 ILASM and ILDASM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 6 1-4 A First Look at the C# Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1-4-1 The C# Code. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1-4-2 The IL Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1-4-3 The Manifest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1-4-4 Using the Library File . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1-5 How to Get a Free C# Compiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1-5-1 Compiling Programs in the Command-Line Environment . . . . . . . . 11 1-5-1-1 If You Have the Compiler without the IDE . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1-5-1-2 If You Have the Visual Studio IDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1-6 Comparison of C# and C++ . . . . . . . ....