Linea de tiempo del atomo

1.-Aristotle (384-322 BC) He believed in the four elements of air, earth, water and fire.  Aristotle felt that regardless of the number of times you cut a form of matter in half, you would always have a smaller piece of that matter.  This view held sway for 2000 years primarily because Aristotle was the tutor of Alexander the Great.
2. Dimitri Mendeleev (1834-1907) proposed the periodic law anddeveloped the first periodic table in 1869.  Medeleev's table was arranged according to increasing atomic weight and left holes for elements that were yet to be discovered. ° Arranged elements into 7 groups with similar properties. He discovered that the properties of elements "were periodic functions of the their atomic weights". This became known as the Periodic Law.
3. John Dalton(1776-1844) proposed the Law of Multiple Proportions.  This law led directly to the proposal of the Atomic Theory in 1803.  He also developed the concept of the mole and proposed a system of symbols to represent atoms of different elements.  (The symbols currently used were developed by J.J. Berzelius(1779-1848)).  Dalton recognized the existence of atoms of elements and that compounds formed from theunion of these atoms.  He therefore assumed that simplest ratios would be used in nature and came up with a formula for water of HO.  He then assigned a relative atomic weight of one to hydrogen and developed a relative atomic weight scale from percent composition data and assumed atomic ratios.  Today we would refer to these as equivalent masses.  John Dalton also discovered color blindness, anaffliction from which he suffered.  He determined that five percent of the male population and less than one-tenth percent of the female population was color blind. ° Proposed a mechanical universe with small solid masses in motion.
4. J. J. Thomson (1856-1940) identified the negatively charged electron in the cathode ray tube in 1897.  He deduced that the electron was a component of all matter andcalculated the charge to mass ratio for the electron.
               e/m = -1.76 x 108 coulombs/g
Thomson and others also studied the positive rays in the cathode ray tube and discovered that the charge to mass ratio depended on filling gas in the tube.  The largest charge to mass ratio (smallest mass) occurred when hydrogen was the filling gas.  This particle was later identified as the proton.               e/m =  +9.58 x 104 coulombs/g
Thomson is proposed the "plum pudding" model of the atom.  In this model, the volume of the atom is composed primarily of the more massive (thus larger) positive portion (the plum pudding).  The smaller electrons (actually, raisins in the plum pudding ) are dispersed throughout the positive mass to maintain charge neutrality.° 1897Used a CRT toexperimentally determine the charge to mass ratio (e/m) of an electron =1.759 x 10 8 coulombs/gram. Studied "canal rays" and found they were associated with the proton H +
5. Ernst Rutherford (1871-1937) proposed the nuclear atom as the result of the gold-foil experiment in 1911.  Rutherford proposed that all of the positive charge and all of the mass of the atom occupied a small volume at the center ofthe atom and that most of the volume of the atom was empty space occupied by the electrons.  This was a very radical proposal that flew in the face of Newtonian Physics.  Although positive particles had been discussed for some time, it was Rutherford in 1920 that first referred to the hydrogen nucleus as a proton.  Also in 1920, Rutherford proposed the existence of the third atomic particle, theneutron. ° 1898Studied radiations emitted from uranium and thorium and named them alpha and beta° 1911Using alpha particles as atomic bullets, probed the atoms in a piece of thin (0.00006 cm) gold foil . He established that the nucleus was: very dense,very small and positively charged. He also assumed that the electrons were located outside the nucleus.
6. James Chadwick 1931 British...