Loran

In 1960, Jan Mayen in Norway invented what he named a Long Range Navigation and it was submitted by the USA coast guard to the Norwegian where it was used by the USA military for their naval ships.One year later, LORAN-C was covered most of the north Atlantic waters, this system became popular for civil users because its good accuracy.
Many others radio navigations systems were used in thisperiod, like Decca, Omega, Consol and Radio beacons covered most of the northern European Waters.
A few years later the USA coast guard announced that they’d end the uses of LORAN-C transmitter outsidethe USA when in 1995 the GPS would be considered optional. NELS in 1993, took care of operation and development of the Loran Range Navigation in Europe, and not only prolonged the operation of theAmerican installation, but it also renewed the systems with better transmitters. This meant and improvement for the users of the performance in the NELS region.
The most important features of LORAN-Care the auto discovery devices and mapping capabilities on a network. It uses that kind of information to create a real-time, port-by-port physical map of the enterprise and provides reports on networktraffic performance. The product also keeps an inventory of all the map information.
The Loran Range System launches a continuosly pulsed 100 kHz radio waves into the Earth’s atmosphere for themarine navigation the 100 kHz radio waves from the Loran transmissions can be detected by the Demeter satellite at an altitude of 660 km above the transmitters. These novel electric field measurements inspace enable the determination of the nocturnal transionospheric attenuation by comparison with ground based electric field measurements.
The Loran transmissions are recorded on the ground with asensitive capacitive electric field probe near Bath in the UK (51.3°N, 2.3°W), on 22.05.2008. During the night, the 100 kHz radio waves from the Loran transmissions propagate over thousands of...