los celtas

The Celts (/ˈkɛlts/, occasionally /ˈsɛlts/, see pronunciation of Celtic) were an ethnolinguistic group of tribal societies in Iron Age and Medieval Europe who spoke Celtic languages and had a similar culture,[1] although the relationship between the ethnic, linguistic and cultural elements remains uncertain and controversial.[2] The exact geographic spread of the ancient Celts is also disputed;in particular, whether the Iron Age inhabitants of Britain and Ireland should be regarded as Celts has become a subject of controversy.[1][2][3][4]
The earliest archaeological culture that may justifiably be considered Proto-Celtic is the Late Bronze Age Urnfield culture of Central Europe, which flourished from around 1200 BC.[5] Their fully Celtic[5] descendants in central Europe were the peopleof the Iron Age Hallstatt culture (c. 800–450 BC) named for the rich grave finds in Hallstatt, Austria.[6] By the later La Tèneperiod (c. 450 BC up to the Roman conquest), this Celtic culture had expanded by diffusion or migration to the British Isles(Insular Celts), France and The Low Countries (Gauls), Bohemia, Poland and much of Central Europe, the IberianPeninsula(Celtiberians, Celtici and Gallaeci) and northern Italy (Golaseccans and Cisalpine Gauls)[7] and, following the Gallic invasion of the Balkans in 279 BC, as far east as central Anatolia (Galatians).[8]
The earliest undisputed direct examples of a Celtic language are the Lepontic inscriptions, beginning in the 6th century BC.[9]Continental Celtic languages are attested almost exclusively through inscriptions andplace-names. Insular Celtic is attested beginning around the 4th century AD through Ogham inscriptions, although it was clearly being spoken much earlier. Celtic literary tradition begins with Old Irish texts around the 8th century. Coherent texts of Early Irish literature, such as the Táin Bó Cúailnge (The Cattle Raid of Cooley), survive in 12th-century recensions.
By the mid 1st millennium AD, with theexpansion of the Roman Empire and the Great Migrations (Migration Period) ofGermanic peoples, Celtic culture and Insular Celtic had become restricted to Ireland, the western and northern parts of Great Britain (Wales, Scotland, and Cornwall), the Isle of Man, and Brittany. Between the 5th and 8th centuries, the Celtic-speaking communities in these Atlantic regions emerged as a reasonably cohesivecultural entity. They had a common linguistic, religious, and artistic heritage that distinguished them from the culture of the surrounding polities.[10] By the 6th century, however, the Continental Celtic languages were no longer in wide use.
Insular Celtic culture diversified into that of the Gaels (Irish, Scottish and Manx) and the Brythonic Celts (Welsh, Cornish, and Bretons) of the medieval andmodern periods. A modern "Celtic identity" was constructed as part of the Romanticist Celtic Revival in Great Britain, Ireland, and other European territories, such as Portugal and Spanish Galicia.[11] Today, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh, and Breton are still spoken in parts of their historical territories, and Cornish and Manx are undergoing a revival.

Los celtas (/ kɛlts /, de vez en cuando /sɛlts /, ven Pronunciación de Celtic) eran un grupo etnolingüístico de las sociedades tribales en la Edad de Hierro y Europa medieval que hablaban lenguas celtas y tenían una cultura similar, [1] aunque la relación entre la identidad étnica, elementos lingüísticos y culturales sigue siendo incierto y polémico [2] La difusión geográfica exacta de los antiguos celtas también se disputa.; enparticular, si los habitantes de la Edad de Hierro de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda deben considerarse como celtas se ha convertido en un tema de controversia. [1] [2] [3] [4]

La cultura arqueológica más temprana que con razón se puede considerar Proto-celta es la cultura del Bronce Final Campos de Urnas de Europa Central, que floreció a partir de alrededor de 1200 aC. [5] Su plenamente Celtic [5]...