Maduracion En La Lectoescritura

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Age and Schooling Effects on the Development of Early Literacy and Related Skills

by Anna Julie Cunningham

Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology

University of Warwick, Department of Psychology September, 2010

Dedication

This Thesis isdedicated to my Parents

i Table of Contents Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………...i List of Tables………………………………………………………………………….....v List of Figures…………………………………………………………………………..vii Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................... viii Declaration…………………………………………………………………………….....x Note on Inclusion ofPublished work ............................................................................... xi List of Terminology and Abbreviations .......................................................................... xii Abstract………………………………………………………………………………...xiii 1 Literature Review.................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Theories ofreading development ....................................................................... 1 1.2 Phonological awareness ..................................................................................... 4 1.2.1 The development of phonological awareness ............................................. 5 1.3 The measurement of phonological awareness.................................................... 7 1.3.1.1 Phonological learning .......................................................................... 9 1.3.2 Phoneme awareness: A precondition or consequence of reading? ........... 11 1.3.2.1 Studies of alphabetically illiterate adults and children ...................... 12 1.3.2.2 Training studies..................................................................................13 1.3.2.3 Longitudinal studies ........................................................................... 15 1.4 Additional predictors of reading....................................................................... 16 1.4.1 Letter knowledge....................................................................................... 17 1.4.2 Oral language skills................................................................................... 18 1.4.3 Short-term verbal memory ........................................................................ 19 1.4.4 Visual-verbal learning ............................................................................... 20 1.4.5 Socio economic status ............................................................................... 20 1.4.6 HomeLiteracy environment ..................................................................... 21 1.5 Age and schooling effects on reading-related skills ......................................... 22 1.5.1 The cut-off method .................................................................................... 24 1.5.2 Phonological awareness............................................................................ 25 1.5.3 Verbal memory.......................................................................................... 27 1.5.4 Vocabulary ................................................................................................ 28 1.6 Age and schooling effects on reading .............................................................. 29 1.6.1 Cross-cultural studies...