Main unified institutions

UNIDROIT (Internacional Instute for the Unification of Private Law)

The International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT) is an independent intergovernmental organization based in Villa Aldobrandini, Rome. It aims to explore the ways and methods for modernizing, harmonizing and coordinating private and in particular commercial law between states and groups of States.Created in 1926 as a subsidiary organ of the League of Nations, the Institute was, following the collapse of the League, re-created in 1940 on the basis of a multilateral agreement, the UNIDROIT Statute. The UNIDROIT Statute is also available in Arabic.

UNIDROIT is restricted to States acceding to the Unidroit. Unidroit Statute 's 63 member States are drawn from the fivecontinents and represent a variety of different legal and political systems and different cultural contexts

Unidroit has a three-level structure is essentially composed of a Secretariat, a Governing Council and General Assembly.
• Secretariat is the executive body of Unidroit responsible for day to day conduct of its work program.
• The Governing Council oversees all politicalaspects of the means by which the Institute's statutory objectives are to be achieved
• The General Assembly is the body of final decisions of Unidroit

Unidroit official languages ​​are English, French, German, Italian and Spanish, their working languages ​​are English and French.
The Institute is financed by annual contributions from its Member States are determined by theGeneral Assembly as well as a basic annual contribution of the Italian Government.

INCOTERMS (international commercial terms)

INCOTERMS are rules about the conditions of supply of goods. They are used to split the costs of international business transactions, defining the responsibilities between the buyer and seller and reflect current practice in the international transport ofgoods.

The rules are known as Incoterms were first published in 1936 by the International Chamber of Commerce and, having been amended since then, its latest version is Incoterms 2000.

Incoterms are international rules for the interpretation of trade terms used in international transactions, the scope is limited to the rights and obligations of the parties to a contract of sale,and the relationship between sellers and buyers in the contract regarding delivery of goods sold.

However, Inconterms not exhaust all contractual terms that require a contract of sale.

Synthesis of some differents Incoterms.
• EXW (Ex-Factory Work) (... named place).
• FCA (Free Carrier-Free Carrier) (... named place)
• FAS (Free Alongside Ship-FreeAlongside Ship) (... named port of shipment)
• FOB (Free on Board-Free On Board) (... named port of shipment)
• CFR (Cost and Freight "Cost and Freight) (... named port of destination)
• CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight-Cost, Insurance and Freight) (... named port of destination)
• CPT (Carrier-Paid To Carriage Paid To) (... named place of destination).THE VIENNA CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL SALE OF GOODS

The Convention includes a total of 101 articles. It begins with a preamble, objectives expressed approval, and ends with the clause that expresses authenticity date issued and preceding versions of the signatures of representatives. Its articles are divided into four parts.

The Convention itself provides that the applicable nationallaw resolve certain issues of international sales that she does not, such as: a) the validity of the contract, b) the acquisition of ownership of goods, c) the liability arising from goods, d) the interest rate paid on amounts due and e) the shortcomings of the Convention, namely the chaos that can not be solved either by interpretation of its rules or by the integration of a new rule from its...