Manual De Oslo

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

THE MEASUREMENT
OF SCIENTIFIC
AND TECHNOLOGICAL
ACTIVITIES
PROPOSED GUIDELINES
FOR COLLECTING
AND
INTERPRETING TECHNOLOGICAL
INNOVATION DATA

OSLO MANUAL

European Commission

Eurostat

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE MANUAL ...................................................................... 51. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 5
2. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SCOPE OF THE MANUAL ........................................................... 5
2.1 Understanding the innovation process and the implications for innovation policy......................... 6
2.2 Experience on thesupply side .......................................................................................................... 7
3. SCOPE OF THE MANUAL .................................................................................................................. 7
3.1 Sectoral coverage............................................................................................................................. 7
3.2 Innovation at the level of the firm.................................................................................................... 8
3.3 Technological product and process innovation................................................................................ 8
3.4 Diffusion of innovation.................................................................................................................... 9
4. PROVIDING DATA ON THE KEY ISSUES ..................................................................................... 10
4.1 Factors influencing TPP innovation ............................................................................................... 10
4.2 TPP innovation activities and expenditures................................................................................... 10
4.3 The TPP innovating firm and the impact of TPP innovation......................................................... 11
5. SOME SURVEY ISSUES.................................................................................................................... 11
5.1 Approach to datacollection............................................................................................................ 11
5.2 Survey methods .............................................................................................................................. 12
6. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE OSLO MANUAL AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS AND RELATED CONCEPTS ........................................................................................ 12
6.1 S&Tactivities: the Frascati family of manuals............................................................................. 12
6.2 Other economic norms and classifications..................................................................................... 13
6.3 Other related concepts and surveys ................................................................................................ 14
7. FINALREMARK ................................................................................................................................ 14
Chapter 2 NEEDS FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF INNOVATION ...................................................... 15
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 15
2.ECONOMICS OF INNOVATION ...................................................................................................... 16
3. TOWARDS A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ................................................................................ 18
3.1 Framework conditions .................................................................................................................... 20...