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AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA3. La creación de Israel y la Guerra árabe-israelí de1948-1949.
El conflicto empezó cuando gran cantidad de judíos comenzaron a establecerse en Palestina, con la esperanza de crear un "hogar Nacional judío".
La segunda Guerra mundial intensificó el problema ya que centenares de miles de judíos fugitivos de la Europa se encontraban en busca de un sitio donde establecerse. En 1945 los Estados Unidos instalaron a Inglaterra para que acogiera a 100 miljudíos en Palestina.
Los judíos, después de todo lo que había sufrido su raza en manos de los nazis, estaban resueltos a luchar por su "hogar nacional". Emprendieron una campaña terrorista contra árabes y británicos.
Inglaterra no estaba en condiciones de afrontar el problema, invitó a las Naciones Unidas a hacerse cargo de él y en 1947 éstas resolvieron por votación dividir Palestina.
A principio de1948 los ingleses retiraron sus tropas, aún cuando ya había comenzado una lucha armada entre judíos y árabes. En 1948, Ben Gurion proclamó el nuevo estado independiente de Israel, mismo que inmediatamente fue atacado por Egipto, Siria, Jordania, Iraq y Líbano.
La Guerra y sus resultados
Los israelíes lograron sobrevivir e incluso ocupar una mayor porción de Palestina. La consecuencia mástrágica de la guerra fue la situación de árabes palestinos que se encontraba dentro del nuevo estado de Israel. Después de que terroristas judíos asesinaron a la población de una aldea palestina, casi un millón de árabes huyeron a Egipto, Líbano, Jordania y Siria donde se instalaron en miserables campos de refugiados
La Guerra de Suez, 1956.
Las causas de la guerra fueron complejas: por una parte elconflicto árabe-israelí, y por otra fue el resultado de la batalla entre el nacionalismo árabe y los franceses y británico que deseaban prolongar su influencia en el Medio Oriente, a la vez que un episodio de la Guerra Fría entre los Estados Unidos y la URSS.
La guerra empezó con una invasión de Egipto (29/10) por los israelíes, quienes en el curso de una semana habían capturado toda la penínsulade Sinaí. Al mismo tiempo los británicos y franceses bombardeaban campos aéreos egipcios y desembarcaban en Puerto Said en el extremo norte del canal de Suez. Los ataques suscitaron un clamor por parte del resto del mundo, y los norteamericanos, que temían enajenarse a los árabes y empujarlos a estrechar sus lazos con la URSS, rehusaron ayudar a Gran Bretaña pese a que anteriormente le habían...