Mendel

Evidence 2 “Aplication of Mendel’s principles”
2.1 Mendel’s biography.
Johann Gregor Mendel was born in Heizendorf, in Hyncice nowadays Czech Republic in 1822, he was an Austrian Biologist.
In 1843 Mendel entered in the Augustine Monastery of Königskloster, in Brunn, where he were named Gregor and made priest in 1847. He lived in the St. Thomas abbacy to continue teaching, he was sent toVienna, where he continued teaching and got a doctor degree on math and sciences in 1851.
In 1854, Mendel became the substitute teacher in the Brunn Royal School and in 1868 became abbot of the monastery, reason that he left the scientific researching and dedicated exclusively to his tasks.
The center of his works (that began in the on 1856 starting from his crossing experiments with the pea plantsin the monastery’s garden) and allowed him to discover the three laws of heritage, also called “the Mendel’s laws”, and thanks to that is possible to discover the heritage’s mechanisms explained after by Thomas Hunt Morgan.
The three laws of Mendel says: according to the first, when you cross two pure varieties of the same species, the offspring are all equal and can look alike to theirprogenitors, or none of them; the second affirms that, when crossing the hybrids of the second generation between themselves, the offspring of that divides in 4 parts, one looks alike to their “grandma”, other to their “grandpa”, and the other two to their progenitors. And the last law concludes that, in the case the two starter varieties differ between themselves or more traits, each one of them istransmitted according to the first law, independently of the others.
To realize his works, Mendel chose self-breeding races from the species Pisum sativum. The first phase of the experiment consisted in the obtaining, by previous conventional crops, of pure constant lines and harvest methodically a part of de seeds produced by each plant. He crossed these strains by two on two using the technique ofthe artificial pollination. With this method was possible combine by two on two, from different varieties with very accurate differences between themselves.
And with this I can say that Mendel can be considered the father of the genetics, because when he were playing with his pea plants, discovered the basis of the secrets behind the human constitution, I mean, all the things involved in why we arelike what we are, all our traits both physical and psychological of every human being, and not only humans, also animals, plants, in brief, of every living thing. Also thanks to Mendel, in the future will be possible for the couples that are looking for a baby, to increase the probability of pregnancy, (that is because they are not able to procreate their own children for some reason) so they goto the genetist, and ask for a treatment, but it is not the only thing that can be possible in the future, it is a rumor yet but, they say that in the future, the couples can choose the appearance of their babies, if they want it blonde, brunette, or if they want two or more babies.
In brief Mendel is the cause of many of the recent discoveries and maybe the “new phase” of the human evolution ordeveloping.

2.2 How to do a Punnet square.
First, what is a Punnet square? It is a diagram designed by Reginald Punnet and is used by the biologists to determine the probability that a product or a new being has a particular genotype. The Punnet square allows seeing every possible combination for one allele with another parent allele by each studied gene.
This is a Punnet square:
|Maternal |
| B | B |
paternal | B | BB | Bb |
| b | Bb | Bb |

For example in this model, both organisms have the genotype Bb, so they can produce gametes that contains the alleles B and b (it is common in the genetic studies to use the uppercase to express the dominant alleles and the lowercase to express the recessive alleles). The probability that the product has the genotype BB is that...