Micronutrientes China

中南大学学报（医学版）

J Cent South Univ (Med Sci)

2012, 37(3) http://www.csumed.org; http://xbyx.xysm.net

305

·REVIEWS·

·综 述·

Effects of nutritional supplementation on children with HIV/AIDS in China
ZGAMBO Maggie, HE Guoping, WANG Honghong
( School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China) .

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the review was to explore the effects ofnutritional supplements in children with HIV/AIDS. Nutritional supplements were found to have both positive and negative effects in HIV/ AIDS children. It was found that selenium helps to boost immunity. Vitamin D supplementation was found to delay mother to child transmission (MTCT) of HIV and to reduce stunted growth associated with persistent diarrhea. Vitamins B, C, and E were found to delay HIVdisease progression, reduce oxidative stress and HIV viral load. Multivitamin supplementation was found to be more effective in delaying HIV disease progression. Protein nutrition was found to improve cognitive and motor developments of children as well as helping HIV-positive children achieve 100% weight for height. Some nutrient supplements, however, were found to have negative effects onHIV/AIDS children. Vitamin A was found to double the risk of mortality of HIV/AIDS in infants exposed to HIV via breastfeeding. Zinc was found to have a positive effect on production of infectious virus through its action on reverse transcriptase. Some micronutrional interact with each other leading to harmful side effects such as diarrhea. Some nutritional supplements interact with antiretroviral drugsleading to treatment failure. It is important for children to be given right doses of nutritional supplements and that their immune system should be closely monitored. nutritional supplements; HIV/AIDS; children
.
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7347.2012.03.017

KEY WORDS

营养补充对中国艾滋病儿童的影响
麦琪，何国平，王红红
( 中南大学护理学院， 长沙 410013)

[ 摘要 ] 本综述旨在探讨补充营养素对中国艾滋病儿童的影响。补充营养素对艾滋病儿童有正负两方面的影响。 研究表明，微量元素硒有助于增强免疫力; 补充维生素 D 可延缓艾滋病的母婴传播，有助于减少因持续性腹泻而产 生的发育迟缓；维生素 B，C 和 E 可减少氧化和病毒载量，最终延缓艾滋病病程的进展 ; 蛋白质能促进儿童认知和运 动功能的发育，同时有助于艾滋病儿童的身高和体质量达标。然而也有研究显示，补充营养素对艾滋病儿童同样具 有消极作用。锌可作用于病毒的逆转录过程从而增加病毒的繁殖。维生素 A 可使得因母乳喂养而暴露于艾滋病的新 生儿的病死率增加一倍。许多微量元素间相互作用，可出现腹泻等不良反应。补充的营养素与抗逆转录病毒药物间 相互作用，导致药物疗效不佳。因此，为艾滋病儿童补充营养时应注意合理的剂量并严密监测其免疫状况。 [ 关键词 ] 营养补充；艾滋病；儿童
Date of reception: 2011-05-10 Biography: ZGAMBO Maggie, graduate student, mainlyengaged in the research of HIV/ AIDS and nutrition in children. Corresponding author: HE Guoping, Email: hgpcsu@yahoo.com.cn Foundation item: This work was supported by the Fund from Special Major Science and Technology Programs of Hunan Province, P. R. China (HNAIQ-03).

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中南大学学报 ( 医学版 ), 2012, 37(3) http://www.csumed.org; http://xbyx.xysm.net

1 Introduction
Acquired immune deficiencysyndrome (AIDS) is a disease of the human immune system caused by infection of a virus called human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This condition gradually compromises one’s immune system and leaves him/her prone to opportunistic infections. HIV infection has largely contributed to the increasing rates of morbidity and mortality in children, since the report of sentinel cases of HIV in people wasissued. HIV children suffer from malnutrition and a lot of opportunistic infections. Malnutrition and growth failure are among the most frequent clinical consequences of HIV/AIDS in children. AIDS is threatening children as never before. Currently it is reported that globally 2.5 million children were living with HIV. Children under 15 years account for one in six global AIDS-related deaths and onein seven new global HIV infections[1]. China has not been spared on the impact of HIV in Children. In 2001, report indicated that 2000 children here were infected with HIV[2]. There are often inconsistencies in reports of data for people infected with HIV in China and little on children. By the end of 2009 it was estimated that 740000 adults and children were living with HIV/AIDS[3]. However it...