Modelos Para La Toma De Desiciones

Global warming

Global warming is a phenomenon which by means of gamma rays from the sun hits the earth warming directamente ,debido bringing this ozone layer is disappearing.
 Is the rise in the average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans since the late 19th century and its projected continuation . Since the early 20th century, Earth's mean surface temperature has increased byabout 0.8 °C (1.4 °F), with about two-thirds of the increase occurring since 1980. Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and scientists are more than 90% certain that it is primarily caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases produced by human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. These findings are recognized by the national science academies of all majorindustrialized nations.
Climate model projections were summarized in the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). They indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 1.1 to 2.9 °C (2 to 5.2 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario and 2.4 to 6.4 °C (4.3 to 11.5 °F) for their highest. The rangesof these estimates arise from the use of models with differing sensitivity to greenhouse gas concentrations. According to AR4, warming and related changes will vary from region to region around the globe. The effects of an increase in global temperature include a rise in sea levels and a change in the amount and pattern of precipitation, as well a probable expansion ofsubtropical deserts. Warming is expected to be strongest in the Arctic and would be associated with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely effects of the warming include a more frequent occurrence of extreme-weather events including heat waves, droughts and heavy rainfall, ocean acidification and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans includethe threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the loss of habitat from inundation.
Proposed policy responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, and possible future geoengineering . Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerousanthropogenic (i.e., human-induced) climate change. Parties to the UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions: and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level. Reports publishedin 2011 by the United Nations .Environment Programme and the International Energy Agency  suggest that efforts as of the early 21st century to reduce emissions may be inadequate to meet the UNFCCC's2 °C target.
I conclude that to reduce global warming we must take preventive and corrective measures such as: reducing the consumption of fossil fuels, and electric power consumption in theprocess reduce gases that affect the atmosphere. to avoid further polluting is desirable and urgent implementation of alternative energy which are: solar cells, photovoltaic cells, wind power, ocean energy, etc., this will help produccir no greenhouse gases that affect the atmosphere or lengthening reducciendo the life cycle of the ozone layer.......


Calentamiento global

El calentamientoglobal es un fénomeno el cual por medio de los rayos gamma del sol realiza un calentamiento en la tierra dándonos directamente .debido a esto la capa de ozono esta desapareciendo.
 Es el aumento de la temperatura media de la atmósfera terrestre y de los océanos desde finales del siglo 19 y su continuación proyectada. Desde principios del siglo 20, la temperatura media de la superficie...