Models Of Carbohydrates

Newton College

Models of Carbohydrates

Alejandra Otoya

March, 2012
Models of Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides:
α Glucose (C6H12O6)

β Glucose (C6H12O6)OH
OH

H
H

The difference between alpha glucose and beta glucose is that the OH and the H in the first carbon are inverted.

H0CH2
H0CH2
Ribose (C5H10O5)
H
HH
H
H
H
H
H
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
O

Deoxyribose (C5H10O4)
H0CH2
H0CH2
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
O

The difference betweenRibose and Deoxyribose is that Deoxyribose instead of having an OH has only an H, in the second carbon.

Disaccharides:

H2O
H2O

Glucose
Glucose
Glucose
GlucoseMaltose
Maltose

Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis

H
H

O
O

H
H

H2O

H2O

Glucose
Glucose
Glucose
Glucose

Condensation
Condensation

Condensation iswhen to monosaccharaides join to create a disaccharide or polysaccharide. Hydrolysis is the opposite, is when a polysaccharide’s or disaccharide’s molecule separateleaving two or more monosaccharaides. When condensation occurs water is released, when hydrolysis occurs water is added.

Polysaccharides:
Starch

The structure ofpolysaccharides is a lot of monosaccharaides or disaccharides joined together by glycosidic bonds, creating a large chain of molecules. This chain also can have branchesdepending on its type of molecule.

Amylose

Cellulose

Amylose has a straight line structure, while cellulose has a diagonal structure, because in the amylose they arejoined by the lower part of the first and fourth carbon, but in the cellulose they are joined by the upper part of the first carbon but the lower part of the fourth carbon.