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GLOBALIZATION

Over many centuries, human societies across the globe have established progressively closer contacts. Recently, the pace of global integration has dramatically increased.Unprecedented changes in communications, transportation, and computer technology have given the process new impetus and made the world more interdependent than ever. Multinational corporations manufactureproducts in many countries and sell to consumers around the world. Money, technology and raw materials move ever more swiftly across national borders. Along with products and finances, ideas and culturescirculate more freely. As a result, laws, economies, and social movements are forming at the international level.

There are among others the Globalization of the Economy which Advances incommunication and transportation technology, combined with free-market ideology, have given goods, services, and capital unprecedented mobility. Northern countries want to open world markets to their goods andtake advantage of abundant, cheap labor in the South, policies often supported by Southern elites. They use international financial institutions and regional trade agreements to compel poor countriesto "integrate" by reducing tariffs, privatizing state enterprises, and relaxing environmental and labor standards. The results have enlarged profits for investors but offered pittances to laborers,provoking a strong backlash from civil society.

The globalization of politics has expanded from the traditionally politics undertaken within national political systems. National governments have beenultimately responsible for maintaining the security and economic welfare of their citizens, as well as the protection of human rights and the environment within their borders. With global ecologicalchanges, an ever more integrated global economy, and other global trends, political activity increasingly takes place at the global level. Under globalization, politics can take place above the state...