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http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749112003302
Development of a distributed air pollutant dry deposition modeling framework
Abstract
A distributed air pollutant dry deposition modeling system was developed with a geographic information system (GIS) to enhance the functionality of i-Tree Eco (). With the developed system, temperature, leaf area index (LAI) and air pollutantconcentration in a spatially distributed form can be estimated, and based on these and other input variables, dry deposition of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter less than 10 microns (PM10) to trees can be spatially quantified. Employing nationally available road network, traffic volume, air pollutant emission/measurement and meteorologicaldata, the developed system provides a framework for the U.S. city managers to identify spatial patterns of urban forest and locate potential areas for future urban forest planting and protection to improve air quality. To exhibit the usability of the framework, a case study was performed for July and August of 2005 in Baltimore, MD.
Desarrollo de un marco de modelación distribuida contaminantesdel aire seco deposición
abstracto
Un sistema distribuido contaminante del aire seco deposición de modelado se desarrolló con un sistema de información geográfica (SIG) para mejorar la funcionalidad de Eco i-Tree (). Con el sistema desarrollado, temperatura, índice de área foliar (IAF) y la concentración de los contaminantes del aire en una forma distribuida en el espacio pueden ser estimados, yen base a estas y otras variables de entrada, la deposición seca de monóxido de carbono (CO), dióxido de nitrógeno (NO2), dióxido de azufre (SO2), y la materia de menos de 10 micras (PM10) a árboles partículas pueden ser espacialmente cuantificados. El empleo de la red disponible a nivel nacional por carretera, el volumen de tráfico, emisiones contaminantes del aire / medición y los datosmeteorológicos, el sistema desarrollado proporciona un marco para los administradores de las ciudades de Estados Unidos para identificar patrones espaciales de los bosques urbanos y localizar posibles áreas para la futura plantación de bosque urbano y protección para mejorar el aire calidad. Para mostrar la utilidad de este marco, se realizó un estudio de caso para julio y agosto de 2005 en Baltimore,MD.


http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969713003690

Role of highway traffic on spatial and temporal distributions of air pollutants in a Swiss Alpine valley
Abstract
Traffic-related air pollutants show high spatial variability near roads, posing a challenge to adequately assess exposures. Recent modeling approaches (e.g. dispersion models, land-use regression (LUR)models) have addressed this but mostly in urban areas where traffic is abundant. In contrast, our study area was located in a rural Swiss Alpine valley crossed by the main North–south transit highway of Switzerland.
We conducted an extensive measurement campaign collecting continuous nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate number concentrations (PN), daily respirable particulate matter (PM10),elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) at one background, one highway and seven mobile stations from November 2007 to June 2009. Using these measurements, we built a hybrid model to predict daily outdoor NO2 concentrations at residences of children participating in an asthma panel study.
With the exception of OC, daily variations of the pollutants followed the temporal trends of heavy-dutytraffic counts on the highway. In contrast, variations of weekly/seasonal means were strongly determined by meteorological conditions, e.g., winter inversion episodes. For pollutants related to primary exhaust emissions (i.e. NO2, EC and PN) local spatial variation strongly depended on proximity to the highway. Pollutant concentrations decayed to background levels within 150 to 200 m from the highway....