Normativa Emisiones

* Normativa STAGE -

The European emission standards for new non-road diesel engines have been structured as gradually more stringent tiers known as Stage I...IV standards. Additionally, emission standards have been adopted for small, gasoline fueled non-road engines. The main regulatory steps were:
* Stage I/II. The first European legislation to regulate emissions from non-road (off-road)mobile equipment was promulgated on December 16, 1997 [Directive 97/68/EC]. The regulations for non-road diesels were introduced in two stages: Stage I implemented in 1999 and Stage II implemented from 2001 to 2004, depending on the engine power output.
The equipment covered by the standard included industrial drilling rigs, compressors, construction wheel loaders, bulldozers, non-road trucks,highway excavators, forklift trucks, road maintenance equipment, snow plows, ground support equipment in airports, aerial lifts and mobile cranes. Agricultural and forestry tractors had the same emission standards but different implementation dates [Directive 2000/25/EC]. Engines used in ships, railway locomotives, aircraft, and generating sets were not covered by the Stage I/II standards.
* OnDecember 9, 2002, the European Parliament adopted Directive 2002/88/EC, amending the non-road Directive 97/68/EC by adding emission standards for small, gasoline fueled utility engines below 19 kW. The Directive also extended the applicability of Stage II standards on constant speed engines. The utility engine emission standards are to a large degree aligned with the US emission standards forsmall utility engines.
* Stage III/IV. Stage III/IV emission standards for non-road engines were adopted by the European Parliament on 21 April 2004 [Directive 2004/26/EC], and for agricultural and forestry tractors on 21 February 2005 [Directive 2005/13/EC].
Two additional Directives were adopted in 2010: Directive 2010/26/EU provides further technical details on the testing and approvals ofStage IIIB and Stage IV engines, and Directive 2010/22/EU amends the earlier legislation applicable to agricultural and forestry tractors.
Stage III standards—which are further divided into Stages IIIA and IIIB—are phased-in from 2006 to 2013, Stage IV enter into force in 2014. The Stage III/IV standards, in addition to the engine categories regulated at Stage I/II, also cover railroad locomotiveengines and marine engines used for inland waterway vessels. Stage III/IV legislation applies only to new vehicles and equipment; replacement engines to be used in machinery already in use (except for railcar, locomotive and inland waterway vessel propulsion engines) should comply with the limit values that the engine to be replaced had to meet when originally placed on the market.

EU non-roademission standards usually specify two sets of implementation dates:
* Type approval dates, after which all newly type approved models must meet the standard, and
* Market placement (or first registration) dates, after which all new engines placed on the market must meet the standard.
The dates listed in the following tables are the market placement dates. In most cases, new type approvaldates are one year before the respective market placement dates.
Regulatory authorities in the EU, USA, and Japan have been under pressure from engine and equipment manufacturers to harmonize worldwide emission standards, in order to streamline engine development and emission type approval/certification for different markets. Stage I/II limits were in part harmonized with US regulations. StageIII/IV limits are harmonized with the US Tier 3/4 standards.

Stage I/II Standards
Stage I and Stage II emissions shall not exceed the amount shown in Table 1. The Stage I emissions are engine-out limits and shall be achieved before any exhaust after-treatment device.
Table 1
EU Stage I/II Emission Standards for Non-road Diesel Engines |
Cat. | Net Power | Date* | CO | HC | NOx | PM |
|...