Notes English Class

NOTES ENGLISH CLASS
PREADVANCED LEVEL

Notes for practice and increase your new language English. You can find idioms, phrasal verbs, new verbs, grammar, vocabulary, prepositions.

Rosa Elena
04/07/2010

 
GRAMMAR:

Relative pronouns:
We use the relative pronouns to refer to a noun mentioned before and of which we are adding more information. They are used to join two or moresentences and forming in that way what we call "relative sentences".
Who, that, which, whom,etc.
Relative pronouns as subjects:
I like guys. They aren’t too serious. I like guys who/that aren’t too serious.
Here, “they” are replaced for who or that in only one sentence.
Relative pronouns as objects:
I’d prefer someone. I can talk him easily. I’d prefer someone who/that Ican talk him easily.
The object him is replaced for who or that.
Clauses with it + adverbial clauses with when:

I don’t mind it
I don’t like it
I can’t stand it
I love it
It bothers me
It upsets me
It embarrasses me
It makes me happy
It doesn’t bother me

Gerund Phrases:
A gerund phrase will begin with a gerund, an ing word. Gerund phrases always function as nouns, so they will besubjects, subject complements, or objects in the sentence.

Gerund Phrases as subjects:
Designing clothes is not man´s job.
Eating ice cream on a windy day can be a messy experience if you have long, untamed hair.
You’ve gerund phrases plus verb plus complement.

Gerund Phrases as object:
He wouldn’t like being a fashion designer.
They’d love directing a TV show.

Comparisons withadjectives:
…. Is more interesting than…
…. Is less interesting than…
…. Is harder than…
…. Is not as hard as….

Comparisons with verbs:
… earns more than…
… earns less than…
…earns as much as…
…doesn’t earn as much as…
Comparisons with nouns:
…has better/worse hours than…
…isn’t as much work as …
…has more education than …

Comparisons with past participles:
…is better paidthan…
…isn’t as well paid as…
…is better educated than…

Requests with modals, if clauses, and gerunds:

Modal + + Verb present + C
Can I borrow …
Could you lend me…
Is it ok if I use….
Do you mind if I use…
If clauses + + Verb past + C
Would you mind if I borrowed…
Would it be ok if I picked it up…
I wonder if I could borrow…
Gerunds:
Would you mind letting me…
I waswondering if you’d mind lending me…

Indirect Requests:

Direct Indirect
Statements
I’m having a party Could you tell her that I’m having a party?
Imperatives
Come on time! Can you tell Monica to come on time
Yes/No Questions
Can you bring..? Could you ask her if she can bring?
Wh Questions
What music do you want? Could you ask her what music she wants?

Past Continous :
Use thepast continous for an ongoing action in the past.
+ was/were + verb ING + C
Was/were+ Verb ING + C
While I was washing the dishes the telephone rang loudly
Simple Past:
For an event that interrupts that action
+ Past verb + C
While I was washing the dishes, the telephone rang loudly
Past Perfect:
Use the past perfect for an event that occurred before another event or timeperiod in the past.
+ Had + Past Participle + C
May July
Past English French Present Future
After I had studied English I learn French.
Before I learn French, I had studied English.

Noun phrases containing relative clauses:

As a Subject As an Object
One thing (that) I’d really miss is my mom’s cooking My mom’s cooking is one thing (that) I’d really miss.
Somethingthat I’d be nervous about is making new friends Making new friends is something that I’d be nervous about
Two people (who/that) I’d email every day are my parents My parents are two people (who/that) I’d email every day.


Expectations:
It’s the custom to / it’s not the custom to…
You are supposed to/ you aren’t supposed to …
You are expected to …
It’s acceptable to/ it’s not acceptable …...