Nutricion

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs): Recommended Intakes for Individuals, Vitamins Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academies
PantoThiaRiboFolate Vit B12 thenic Biotin Cholineg Vit B6 Life Stage Vit A Vit C Vit D Vit E Vit K min flavin Niacin Group (µg/d)a (mg/d) (µg/d)b,c (mg/d) d (µg/d) (mg/d) (mg/d) (mg/d)e (mg/d) (µg/d)f (µg/d) Acid (mg/d) (µg/d) (mg/d) Infants 0–6 mo400* 40* 5* 4* 2.0* 0.2* 0.3* 2* 0.1* 65* 0.4* 1.7* 5* 125* 7–12 mo 500* 50* 5* 5* 2.5* 0.3* 0.4* 4* 0.3* 80* 0.5* 1.8* 6* 150* Children 2* 8* 200* 30* 5* 0.5 0.5 6 0.5 150 0.9 300 15 6 1–3 y 4–8 y 5* 55* 3* 12* 250* 400 25 7 0.6 0.6 8 0.6 200 1.2 Males 375* 4* 20* 5* 60* 600 45 11 0.9 0.9 12 1.0 300 1.8 9–13 y 14–18 y 5* 75* 5* 25* 550* 900 75 15 1.2 1.3 16 1.3 400 2.4 19–30 y 5* 120* 5* 30* 550*900 90 15 1.2 1.3 16 1.3 400 2.4 31–50 y 5* 120* 5* 30* 550* 900 90 15 1.2 1.3 16 1.3 400 2.4 i 51–70 y 5* 30* 550* 10* 120* 2.4 900 90 15 1.2 1.3 16 1.7 400 > 70 y 15* 120* 2.4i 5* 30* 550* 900 90 15 1.2 1.3 16 1.7 400 Females 375* 20* 4* 5* 60* 600 45 11 0.9 0.9 12 1.0 300 1.8 9–13 y 14–18 y 5* 75* 400i 5* 25* 400* 700 65 15 1.0 1.0 14 1.2 2.4 19–30 y 5* 90* 400i 5* 30* 425* 700 75 15 1.1 1.1 141.3 2.4 31–50 y 5* 90* 400i 5* 30* 425* 700 75 15 1.1 1.1 14 1.3 2.4 51–70 y 10* 90* 2.4h 5* 30* 425* 700 75 15 1.1 1.1 14 1.5 400 > 70 y 15* 90* 2.4h 5* 30* 425* 700 75 15 1.1 1.1 14 1.5 400 Pregnancy 14–18 y 5* 75* 600j 6* 30* 450* 750 80 15 1.4 1.4 18 1.9 2.6 19–30 y 5* 90* 600j 6* 30* 450* 770 85 15 1.4 1.4 18 1.9 2.6 31–50 y 5* 90* 600j 6* 30* 450* 770 85 15 1.4 1.4 18 1.9 2.6 Lactation14–18 y 5* 75* 7* 35* 550* 1,200 115 19 1.4 1.6 17 2.0 500 2.8 19–30 y 5* 90* 7* 35* 550* 1,300 120 19 1.4 1.6 17 2.0 500 2.8 31–50 y 5* 90* 7* 35* 550* 1,300 120 19 1.4 1.6 17 2.0 500 2.8 NOTE: This table (taken from the DRI reports, see www.nap.edu) presents Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) in bold type and Adequate Intakes (AIs) in ordinary type followed by an asterisk (*). RDAs and AIs may bothbe used as goals for individual intake. RDAs are set to meet the needs of almost all (97 to 98 percent) individuals in a group. For healthy breastfed infants, the AI is the mean intake. The AI for other life stage and gender groups is believed to cover needs of all individuals in the group, but lack of data or uncertainty in the data prevent being able to specify with confidence the percentage ofindividuals covered by this intake. a As retinol activity equivalents (RAEs). 1 RAE = 1 µg retinol, 12 µg β-carotene, 24 µg α-carotene, or 24 µg β-cryptoxanthin. The RAE for dietary provitamin A carotenoids is twofold greater than retinol equivalents (RE), whereas the RAE for preformed vitamin A is the same as RE. b As cholecalciferol. 1 µg cholecalciferol = 40 IU vitamin D. c In the absence ofadequate exposure to sunlight. d As α-tocopherol. α-Tocopherol includes RRR-α-tocopherol, the only form of α-tocopherol that occurs naturally in foods, and the 2R-stereoisomeric forms of α-tocopherol (RRR-, RSR-, RRS-, and RSS-α-tocopherol) that occur in fortified foods and supplements. It does not include the 2S-stereoisomeric forms of α-tocopherol (SRR-, SSR-, SRS-, and SSS-α-tocopherol), alsofound in fortified foods and supplements. e As niacin equivalents (NE). 1 mg of niacin = 60 mg of tryptophan; 0–6 months = preformed niacin (not NE). f As dietary folate equivalents (DFE). 1 DFE = 1 µg food folate = 0.6 µg of folic acid from fortified food or as a supplement consumed with food = 0.5 µg of a supplement taken on an empty stomach. g Although AIs have been set for choline, there are fewdata to assess whether a dietary supply of choline is needed at all stages of the life cycle, and it may be that the choline requirement can be met by endogenous synthesis at some of these stages. h Because 10 to 30 percent of older people may malabsorb food-bound B12, it is advisable for those older than 50 years to meet their RDA mainly by consuming foods fortified with B12 or a supplement...