Oil And Gas Handbook

OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION HANDBOOK
An introduction to oil and gas production
Håvard Devold © 2006 ABB ATPA Oil and Gas

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PREFACE
This handbook is has been compiled to give readers with an interested in the oil and gas production industry an overview of the main processes and equipment. When I started to search for a suitable introduction to be used for new engineers, I discovered thatmuch of this equipment is described in standards, equipment manuals and project documentation. But little material was found to quickly give the reader an overview of the entire upstream area, while still preserving enough detail to let the engineer get an appreciation of the main characteristics and design issues., This book is by no means a comprehensive description on the detailed design ofany part of this process, and many details have been omitted in the interest of overview. I have included some comments on the control issues, since that is part of my own background. For the same reason, the description will be somewhat biased toward the offshore installations. The material has been compiled form various online sources as well as ABB and customer documents. I am thankful tomy colleagues in the industry for providing valuable input, in particular Erik Solbu of Norsk Hydro for the Njord process and valuable comments. I have included many photos to give the reader an impression what typical facilities or equipment look like. Non-ABB photo source given below picture other pictures and illustrations are ABB. Edition 1.3 Oslo, June 2006 Håvard Devold

Except asotherwise indicated, all materials, including but not limited to design, text, graphics, other files, and the selection and arrangement thereof, are the copyright property of ABB, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. You may electronically copy and print hard-copy of this document only for non-commercial personal use, or non-commercial use within the organization that employs you, provided that the materials arenot modified and all copyright or proprietary notices are retained. Use of photos and graphics and references form other sources in no way promotes or endorses these products and services and is for illustration only.

©2006 ABB ATPA Oil and Gas

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Introduction....................................................................................................... 4 Processoverview .............................................................................................. 6 Facilities .................................................................................................. 7 2.1 Onshore.......................................................................................... 8 2.1.1 Offshore......................................................................................... 9 2.1.2 Main Process Sections........................................................................... 12 2.2 Wellheads .................................................................................... 12 2.2.1 Manifolds/gathering..................................................................... 12 2.2.2 Separation.................................................................................... 13 2.2.3 Gas compression.......................................................................... 14 2.2.4 Metering, storage and export ....................................................... 15 2.2.5 Utility systems....................................................................................... 16 2.3 Reservoir and Wellheads................................................................................ 17 3 Crude oil and Natural gas...................................................................... 17 3.1 Crude Oil ..................................................................................... 17 3.1.1 Natural Gas .................................................................................. 18 3.1.2 Condensates...