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uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu juh ausas del “Agujero de Ozono”Como sabemos, este fenómeno aparece sólo en primavera, y se produce como resultado de tres factores, dos de ellos naturales ( el vórtice polar y las nubes estratosféricas polares ) y uno básicamente antropogénico ( la presencia de cloro activo en la estratosfera, desprendido de los clorofluorocarbonados )

Vórtice PolarEl vórtice polar constituye una barrera natural en la estratosfera, a una latitud aproximada de 70 grados Sur, la que aísla el aire antártico del resto del planeta durante el invierno y parte de la primavera. Luego, según la primavera avanza, y las temperaturas crecen, el vórtice se hace más débil y permiteel ingreso de masas de aires provenientes de latitudes más bajas. Finalmente, el vórtice rompe y se produce un intercambio normal de masas de aires con el resto del planeta.

Nubes Estratosféricas Polares (NEP)

Normalmente la estratosfera es muy seca, por lo tanto en ella no se forman nubes, pero tiene una delgada capa en la que se hallan gotas delgadas y húmedas de ácido sulfúrico. Debido alas bajas temperaturas en la estratosfera antártica durante el invierno (85 o C bajo cero), el vapor de agua se condensa y se forman delgadas nubes de hielo. Estas nubes están formadas por cristales y las reacciones químicas que se producen en su superficie retienen el vapor de agua y los compuestos de nitrógeno, quedando libre el cloro, que reacciona con el ozono cuando laluz del sol aparece nuevamente en Primavera . Cuando esta estación avanza, con el aumento de la temperatura y la fluencia de aire cálido proveniente de otras latitudes, las nubes, al igual que el vórtice, se disipan.

























Compuestos Clorofluorocarbonados (CFC)

Se denominan halocarbonos a los compuestos formados por carbono y...