Participants and setting luisa granada 1144097005

Participants and setting
Patients from eight centres in England, Scotland, and Wales attending hospital respiratory, oncology, palliative care clinics or hospices were screened by the research nursein conjunction with the patients’ usual clinical team. Adults with intra-thoracic malignancy (primary or secondary tumours) were eligible. Participants could be randomised to trial intervention ifthey had refractory breathlessness with a self-reported intensity of ≥3/10 on a NRS, where 0 = no breathlessness and 10 = worst imaginable breathlessness, and a clinician-estimated prognosis of at least3 months. Participants with breathlessness intensity of <3/10 were followed-up at monthly intervals to assess eligibility for randomisation. Refractory breathlessness was defined as persistentbreathlessness despite treatment of reversible causes [17]. Patients were excluded if they had intercurrent illness or co-morbidities making completion of the trial unlikely, worsening breathlessnessrequiring urgent medical intervention, or prior breathing training.

Centres were eligible if clinicians provided breathing training and were willing to deliver the trial intervention. The interventioncould be delivered in the hospital, hospice, or a patient’s home according to patient choice.

The protocol, procedures, and trial documentation were approved by the independent UK Integrated ResearchApproval System via the Sheffield Research Ethics Committee (ref 10/H1308/66). Subsequent Research and Development NHS governance approval was obtained for all sites prior to recruitment. The trial wasregistered (ISRCTN49387307) and the protocol followed CONSORT recommendations. All participants gave written informed consent.

Los participantes y el entorno
Los pacientes de ocho centros enInglaterra, Escocia y Gales que asisten respiratoria hospital, oncología, clínicas de cuidados paliativos o hospicios fueron examinados por la enfermera de la investigación en relación con el equipo clínico...