Perpective Theory

FORMAL REPRESENTATION OF NEISSER'S CYCLE OF PERCEPTION
The model of perception offered by Ulric Neisser in 1976 is a well-known model in Cognitive Psychology. The model integrates 'bottom-up' (fromsensory system to the long-term memory) and 'top-down' (from long-term memory to the motor system) processes into one cyclically repeated process.
According to this model, the main cognitivestructure, which determines such processes as perception, attention and categorization, is a set of anticipatory schemata, within a given cycle/step of perception. We would like to note that we are using theterm schema in its meaning from Cognitive Psychology, namely as a fragment of knowledge. Simple classification of schemata divides the set of schemata as frames and scripts [6].
The set ofanticipatory schemata prepares the mind for perception of the subsequent sensory events from the environment and can be considered as a control structure for the processes of perception, attention andcategorization. Thus, a perception is a constructive process because at every step of perception the consciousness forms a new set of anticipatory schemata.
Generating the new set of anticipatory schematainitiates the process of perceptual exploration of the environment, directing a search for a sensory event corresponding to one of the schemata from the set of anticipatory schemata. We use the termsensory event to denote a fragment of the environment, which is unambiguously categorized as one of the schemata. Several sensory modalities form a sensory event, usually vision and hearing. Hence,schemata forming the anticipatory set, do not represent visual or auditory stimuli, but rather a certain integration of multimodal sensory information. People focus their attention on objects and events,but not on sensory inputs.

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Jean Piaget (1896-1980)...