Petreleo

CONTENTS
PREFACE VII
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IX
CONTENTS X
LIST OF FIGURES XVII
LIST OF TABLES XXVII
LIST OF EQUATIONS XXX
NOMENCLATURE LIX
CHAPTER 1 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS IN RESERVOIR ENGINEERING 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.2 CALCULATION OF HYDROCARBON VOLUMES 1
1.3 FLUID PRESSURE REGIMES 3
1.4 OIL RECOVERY: RECOVERY FACTOR 9
1.5 VOLUMETRIC GAS RESERVOIR ENGINEERING 12
1.6 APPLICATION OF THEREAL GAS EQUATION OF STATE 20
1.7 GAS MATERIAL BALANCE: RECOVERY FACTOR 25
1.8 HYDROCARBON PHASE BEHAVIOUR 37
REFERENCES 41
CHAPTER 2 PVT ANALYSIS FOR OIL 43
2.1 INTRODUCTION 43
2.2 DEFINITION OF THE BASIC PVT PARAMETERS 43
2.3 COLLECTION OF FLUID SAMPLES 51
2.4 DETERMINATION OF THE BASIC PVT PARAMETERS IN THE
LABORATORY AND CONVERSION FOR FIELD OPERATING
CONDITIONS 55
2.5 ALTERNATIVEMANNER OF EXPRESSING PVT LABORATORY
ANALYSIS RESULTS 65
CONTENTS XI
2.6 COMPLETE PVT ANALYSIS 69
REFERENCES 70
CHAPTER 3 MATERIAL BALANCE APPLIED TO OIL RESERVOIRS 71
3.1 INTRODUCTION 71
3.2 GENERAL FORM OF THE MATERIAL BALANCE EQUATION FOR
A HYDROCARBON RESERVOIR 71
3.3 THE MATERIAL BALANCE EXPRESSED AS A LINEAR EQUATION 76
3.4 RESERVOIR DRIVE MECHANISMS 77
3.5 SOLUTION GAS DRIVE 78
3.6GASCAP DRIVE 86
3.7 NATURAL WATER DRIVE 91
3.8 COMPACTION DRIVE AND RELATED PORE COMPRESSIBILITY
PHENOMENA 95
REFERENCES 98
CHAPTER 4 DARCY'S LAW AND APPLICATIONS 100
4.1 INTRODUCTION 100
4.2 DARCY'S LAW; FLUID POTENTIAL 100
4.3 SIGN CONVENTION 104
4.4 UNITS: UNITS CONVERSION 104
4.5 REAL GAS POTENTIAL 110
4.6 DATUM PRESSURES 111
4.7 RADIAL STEADY STATE FLOW; WELL STIMULATION 112
4.8TWO-PHASE FLOW: EFFECTIVE AND RELATIVE
PERMEABILITIES 117
4.9 THE MECHANICS OF SUPPLEMENTARY RECOVERY 121
REFERENCES 125
CHAPTER 5 THE BASIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION FOR RADIAL FLOW IN A
POROUS MEDIUM 127
5.1 INTRODUCTION 127
5.2 DERIVATION OF THE BASIC RADIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION 127
CONTENTS XII
5.3 CONDITIONS OF SOLUTION 129
5.4 THE LINEARIZATION OF EQUATION 5.1 FOR FLUIDS OF SMALL
ANDCONSTANT COMPRESSIBILITY 133
REFERENCES 135
CHAPTER 6 WELL INFLOW EQUATIONS FOR STABILIZED FLOW
CONDITIONS 136
6.1 INTRODUCTION 136
6.2 SEMI-STEADY STATE SOLUTION 136
6.3 STEADY STATE SOLUTION 139
6.4 EXAMPLE OF THE APPLICATION OF THE STABILIZED INFLOW
EQUATIONS 140
6.5 GENERALIZED FORM OF INFLOW EQUATION UNDER SEMISTEADY
STATE CONDITIONS 144
REFERENCES 146
CHAPTER 7 THE CONSTANTTERMINAL RATE SOLUTION OF THE RADIAL
DIFFUSIVITY EQUATION AND ITS APPLICATION TO OILWELL TESTING 148
7.1 INTRODUCTION 148
7.2 THE CONSTANT TERMINAL RATE SOLUTION 148
7.3 THE CONSTANT TERMINAL RATE SOLUTION FOR TRANSIENT
AND SEMI-STEADY STATE FLOW CONDITIONS 149
7.4 DIMENSIONLESS VARIABLES 161
7.5 SUPERPOSITION THEOREM: GENERAL THEORY OF WELL
TESTING 168
7.6 THE MATTHEWS, BRONS, HAZEBROEKPRESSURE BUILDUP
THEORY 173
7.7 PRESSURE BUILDUP ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES 189
7.8 MULTI-RATE DRAWDOWN TESTING 209
7.9 THE EFFECTS OF PARTIAL WELL COMPLETION 219
7.10 SOME PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF WELL SURVEYING 221
7.11 AFTERFLOW ANALYSIS 224
REFERENCES 236
CONTENTS XIII
CHAPTER 8 REAL GAS FLOW: GAS WELL TESTING 239
8.1 INTRODUCTION 239
8.2 LINEARIZATION AND SOLUTION OF THE BASIC DIFFERENTIALEQUATION FOR THE RADIAL FLOW OF A REAL GAS 239
8.3 THE RUSSELL, GOODRICH, et. al. SOLUTION TECHNIQUE 240
8.4 THE AL-HUSSAINY, RAMEY, CRAWFORD SOLUTION
TECHNIQUE 243
8.5 COMPARISON OF THE PRESSURE SQUARED AND PSEUDO
PRESSURE SOLUTION TECHNIQUES 251
8.6 NON-DARCY FLOW 252
8.7 DETERMINATION OF THE NON-DARCY COEFFICIENT F 255
8.8 THE CONSTANT TERMINAL RATE SOLUTION FOR THE FLOW
OF A REAL GAS 2578.9 GENERAL THEORY OF GAS WELL TESTING 260
8.10 MULTI-RATE TESTING OF GAS WELLS 262
8.11 PRESSURE BUILDUP TESTING OF GAS WELLS 278
8.12 PRESSURE BUILDUP ANALYSIS IN SOLUTION GAS DRIVE
RESERVOIRS 289
8.13 SUMMARY OF PRESSURE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES 291
REFERENCES 295
CHAPTER 9 NATURAL WATER INFLUX 297
9.1 INTRODUCTION 297
9.2 THE UNSTEADY STATE WATER INFLUX THEORY OF HURST
AND VAN EVERDINGEN...