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Source # 4: Because God Said So: Religious Facets of Sexual and Gender Harassment In Christian Academia
By Kristen Eliason, M. Elizabeth L. Hall, and Tamara L. Anderson

“In 1972, former presidentRichard Nixon signed Educational Amendment Title IX making it illegal for academic institutions to exclude participation, deny benefits, or subject students to discrimination based on gender (UnitedStates Department of Labor, 1972).” (p.345).This amendment was provoked by the unequal opportunities in athletics, but actually helped many students outside that department, “as it became illegal forteachers to discriminate based on gender in any academic setting” (p.345). It also signified the recognition of sexism in academia and encouraged further studies about the topic. Researchers at theRosemead School of Psychology discussed that even though “the word sexism often triggers thoughts of overt acts of discrimination and bias against an individual because of his or her sex, many acts ofsexism may now be expressed more covertly due to social and political stigmas and reprimands that often accompany blatant acts of sexism” (p.345). Gender harassment (which is a sub category of sexism)in the other hand, expresses sexist beliefs in a more “socially acceptable fashion” (p.346), becoming more difficult to identify; “it can consist of sexual objectification, gender role prejudice andstereotyping, or demeaning and derogatory comments” (p.346). This can be separated from other types of sexism according to the motivation behind the acts. The researchers from Rosemead School ofPsychology studied one hundred and eighty-seven female students from a Christian university on the West Coast, in the field of said topic. Female participants, as opposed to a mixed-gender sample, werechosen because of the “documented prevalence of sexism for females as opposed to males” (p.348). In the research, gender harassment was more notable than sexual harassment. The statements that the...