Polishc Civil Code

ACT
of 23 April 1964
THE CIVIL CODE


(Dziennik Ustaw 1964, No. 16, item 93, with subsequent amendments: Dziennik Ustaw 1971, No. 27, item 252; 1976, No. 19, item 122; 1982, No. 11, item 81, No. 19, item 147, No. 30, item 210; 1984, No. 45, item 242; 1985, No. 22, item 99; 1989, No. 3, item 11; 1990, No. 34, item 198, No. 55, item 321, No. 79, item 464; 1991, No. 107, item 464, No. 115, item496; 1993, No. 17, item 78; 1994, No. 27, item 96, No. 84, item 368, No. 85, item 388 and No. 105, item 509; 1995, No. 83, item 417; 1996, No. 114, item 542, No. 139, item 646, No. 149, item 703; 1997, No. 43, item 272, No. 115, item 741, No. 117, item 751, No. 157, item 1040; 1998, No. 106, item 668, No. 117, item 758; 1999, No. 52, item 532; 2000, No. 22, item 271, No. 74, item 855 and 857, No.88, item 983, No. 114, item 1191; 2001, No. 11, item 91, No. 71, item 733, No. 145, item 1638; 2002, No. 113, item 984, No. 141, item 1176; 2003, No. 49, item 408, No. 60, item 535, No. 64, item 592, No. 124, item 1151; 2004, No. 91, item 870, No. 96, item 959, No. 162, item 1692, No. 172, item 1804, No. 281, item 2783)




BOOK ONE. GENERAL PART

TITLE I. INTRODUCTORY PROVISIONSArticle 1. This Code regulates civil law relationships between natural persons and legal persons.


Article 2. Repealed.


Article 3. This Act has no retroactive force unless that follows from its wording or purpose.


Article 4. Repealed.


Article 5. One cannot exercise a right in a manner which would contradict its socioeconomic purpose or the principles of communitylife. Such act or omission on the part of the person entitled shall not be considered the exercise of that right and shall not be protected.


Article 6. The burden of proof relating to a fact shall rest on the person who attributes legal effects to that fact.


Article 7. If statutory law makes legal effects dependent upon good or bad faith, good faith shall be presumed.TITLE II. PERSONS

SECTION I. NATURAL PERSONS

Chapter 1. Legal Capacity and Capacity for Acts in Law

Article 8. § 1. Every human being shall have legal capacity from the moment of birth.
§ 2. Repealed.


Article 9. When a child has been born it shall be presumed to have been born alive.


Article 10. § 1. An adult is a person who has attained eighteen years ofage.
§ 2. A minor becomes adult on marriage. He does not lose that status if the marriage has been annulled.


Article 11. Full capacity for acts in law shall be acquired at the moment of becoming an adult.


Article 12. Persons who have not attained thirteen years of age and persons completely incapacitated shall not possess the capacity for acts in law.


Article 13.§ 1. A person who has attained thirteen years of age may be completely incapacitated if, due to mental illness, mental retardation or mental disturbances of any other kind, in particular alcoholism or drug addiction, he is incapable of controlling his behaviour.
§ 2. Guardianship shall be provided for a person completely incapacitated unless he is still under parental authority.Article 14. § 1. An act in law performed by a person who has no capacity for acts in law shall be null and void.
§ 2. However, if a person incapable of performing acts in law has concluded a contract of a type commonly concluded in petty current matters of everyday life, such contract shall become valid at the moment of its performance unless it is glaringly detrimental to the person incapable ofperforming acts in law.


Article 15. Minors who have attained thirteen years of age and persons partially legally incapacitated shall have a limited capacity for acts in law.


Article 16. § 1. An adult may be partially legally incapacitated due to mental illness, mental retardation or mental disturbances of another kind, in particular
alcoholism and drug addiction,...