Prepositions And Conjunctions

osiIntroduction
The present document provides a contrastive analysis of conjunctions, prepositions and interjections; elements that are used to give cohesion into a text.
Based on information gathered from the internet I recognized the differences and similarities that could present the use of these linguistic elements in the Spanish and English language.
The uses of these elements havesimilar characteristics in both languages ​​and their differences lie in the number of words used and in the categorizations that each language gives to these elements.
It is the objective of this document to present in an easy way the use of prepositions, conjunctions and interjections in order to familiarize us with its uses and features in the languages ​​of study, to resolve any difficultiesin translation that can present a text and dominate the functions that they perform within the language.

Conjunctions

In grammar, a conjunction (abbreviated conj or cnj) is a part of speech that connects two words, sentences, phrases or clauses together. A discourse connective is a conjunction joining sentences. This definition may overlap with that of other parts of speech, so what constitutes a"conjunction" must be defined for each language. In general, a conjunction is an invariable grammatical particle, and it may or may not stand between the items it conjoins.
The definition may also be extended to idiomatic phrases that behave as a unit with the same function as a single-word conjunction (as well as, provided that, etc.).
Many students are taught that certain conjunctions (such as"and", "but", and "so") should not begin sentences, although authorities such as the Chicago Manual of Style proclaim that this teaching has "no historical or grammatical foundation".
Conjunctions:
Classification
* Coordinating Conjuctions: Coordinating conjunctions, also called coordinators, are conjunctions that join two or more items of equal syntactic importance, such as words, mainclauses, or sentences.
* Examples:
* For presents a reason ("He is gambling with his health, for he has been smoking far too long.").
* And presents non-contrasting item(s) or idea(s) ("They gamble, and they smoke.").
* Nor presents a non-contrasting negative idea ("They do not gamble, nor do they smoke.").
* But presents a contrast or exception ("They gamble, but they don'tsmoke.").
* Or presents an alternative item or idea ("Every day, they gamble, or they smoke.").
* Yet presents a contrast or exception ("They gamble, yet they don't smoke.").
* So presents a consequence ("He gambled well last night, so he smoked a cigar to celebrate.").

Correlative Conjunctions: Correlative conjunctions work in pairs to join words and groups of words of equal weight in asentence. There are six different pairs of correlative conjunctions:
1. either...or
2. not only...but also
3. neither...nor (or increasingly neither...or)
4. both...and
5. whether...or
6. just as...so

Examples:
* You either do your work or prepare for a trip to the office.
* Not only is he handsome, but he is also brilliant.
* Neither the basketballteam nor the football team is doing well.
* Both the cross country team and the swimming team are doing well.
* Whether you stay or go is your decision.
* Just as many Americans love football, so many Canadians love ice hockey.

Conjunciones: La conjunción es, según el Diccionario de la Real Academia Española de la Lengua, “palabra invariable que encabeza diversos tipos de oracionessubordinadas o que une vocablos o secuencias sintácticamente equivalentes”.
Clasificación
Conjunciones Coordinantes: son aquellas que vinculan componentes de una oración que tienen un nivel equivalente. Se subdividen en:
Copulativas: y, e, ni, que.
Disyuntivas: o, u, sea, bien.
Adversativas: aunque, pero, mas, empero, sino, siquiera, y las expresiones: al contrario, antes bien, si bien, no...