Presencia De Productos Farmacéuticos Y Patógenos Potenciales En La Parte Noreste Del Acuífero De Quintana Roo

PATHOGENS AND PHARMACEUTICALS POLLUTANTS AS INDICATORS OF CONTAMINATION AT THE NORTHEASTHERN AQUIFER OF QUINTANA ROO

PRESENCIA DE PRODUCTOS FARMACÉUTICOS Y PATÓGENOS POTENCIALES EN LA PARTE NORESTE DEL ACUÍFERO DE QUINTANA ROO

Rosa M. Leal-Bautista*, Unidad de Ciencias del Agua. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán Calle 8 no. 29 Mza.39 SM 64, Cancún, C. P. 77524
GaldyHernández-Zárate Instituto Tecnológico de Boca del Río. Laboratorio de Investigación de Recursos Acuáticos. Km. 12 Carretera Veracruz-Córdoba, C. P. 94290, Boca del Río, Ver., México (gahernanitboca@live.com).
Norma A. Jaime M, Universidad de Guanajuato, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Div. Ingeniería Ambiental
Germán Cuevas R. Universidad de Guanajuato, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Div. IngenieríaAmbiental, Campus Guanajuato-Unidad Belen (german28@quijote.ugto.mx)
Guadalupe Velázquez Oliman, Empresa de Manejo Cultural S.A.
*Correspondig author email: (rleal@cicy.mx*)

*Correspondig author email: rleal@cicy.mx*


SUMMARY
The objective of this research project was to sample groundwater from touristic to non-touristic wells and sinkholes along the Riviera Maya region, to determine theoccurrence, source and extent of the fecal contamination, and establish if the recreational activities of this zone is rising as an anthropogenic contamination source. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the most common bio-indicators to asses the bacteriological water quality its presence is related with pathogenic health problems associated to anthropogenic influence such as leaks from septic tanks,and raw wastewater. Despite the limitations and problems associated with the detection of fecal bacteria, this bio-indicator is still present in several water policies around the world.
The study zone was located at Puerto Morelos Quintana Roo, where seven groundwater samples were collected from sinkholes and wells. Bacteriological analysis were performed by the chromogenic substrate techniqueto determine total coliforms and E. coli, molecular microbiology technique allowed for identification of Vibrio spp., and chromatography method was performed to determine the presence and absence of caffeine. At the field, pH, dissolved oxygen and temperature were determined at the collection of the sample by a multiparametric sonde. Alkalinity, nitrate, nitrite, total nitrogen, phosphate, totalsuspended solid and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were determined at laboratory. The results reveal that fecal contamination in groundwater at the touristic and non-touristic sampled sites is occurring. However the detection of the Vibrio spp. and the determination of caffeine makes evident that only in the touristic sites the extent of the contamination implies a human source. The others sourcesof bacteriological contamination can be linked to the type of coastal ecosystems presented along the area of study.

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la ocurrencia, la extensión y fuentes de contaminación fecal de muestras de agua subterránea de pozos y cenotes en sitios turísticos y no turísticos en la Riviera Maya y establecer si las actividades recreativas que van en aumento, sonfuente de contaminación antropogénica en esta zona. Escherichia coli (E. coli) es uno de los bioindicadores mas común para evaluar la calidad bacteriológica del agua, su presencia está relacionada con problemas de salud por patógenos asociados a influencia antropogénica tales como fugas de tanques sépticos y aguas residuales sin tratar. A pesar de las limitaciones y problemas asociados a ladetección de bacterias fecales, este bioindicador continua presente en las diversas políticas de calidad de agua en el mundo.
El estudio se desarrolló en el área de Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo. México, colectándose siete muestras de agua subterránea de pozos y cenotes. Se efectuaron análisis bacteriológicos mediante las técnicas de sustrato cromogénico para la determinación de Coliformes totales y...