Present Perfect

= Present Perfect Progressive =
The present perfect progressive expresses an action that recently stopped or is still going on. It puts emphasis on the duration or course of the action.· Form of Present perfect progressive
 Positive Negative Question
I / you / we / they I have been speaking. I have not been speaking. Have I been speaking?
he / she/ it He has been speaking. He has not been speaking. Has he been speaking?
· Exceptions in Spelling
Excepcions in spelling when adding “ing” Example

final e isdropped come – coming(but: agree – agreeing)(but: ee is not changed)
after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled sit – sitting
l as final consonant after a vowelis doubled (in British English) travel – travelling
final ie becomes y lie – lying

· Use of Present Perfect Progressive
puts emphasis on the duration or course of an action (notthe result)
Example: She has been writing for two hours.
- action that recently stopped or is still going on
Example: I have been living here since 2001.
- finished action thatinfluenced the present
Example: I have been working all afternoon.
· Signal Words of Present Perfect Progressive
all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how long?, the whole week

· ExamplesHe has been working in this company since 1985.
I have been waiting for you since two o'clock.
Mary has been living in Germany since 1992.
Why is he so tired? He has been playingtennis for five hours.
How long have you been learning English?
We have been looking for the motorway for more than an hour.
I have been living without electricity for two weeks.
Thefilm has not been running for ten minutes yet, but there's a commercial break already.
How long has she been working in the garden?
She has not been in the garden for more than an hour.