Presente Continuo

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Present Perfect
FORM
[has/have + past participle]
Examples:


You have seen that movie many times.
 Have you seen that movie many times?
 You have not seen that movie many times.
Complete List of Present Perfect Forms

USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now

We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time befor e now. The
exact time is not important.You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions
such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that
moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such
as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.
Examples:









I have seen thatmovie twenty times.
I think I have met him once before.
There have been many earthquakes in California.
People have traveled to the Moon.
People have not traveled to Mars.
Have you read the book yet?
Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.
A: Has there ever been a war in the United States?
B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.

How Do You Actually Use the Present Perfect?The concept of "unspecified time" can be very confusing to English learners. It is best to associate
Present Perfect with the following topics:

TOPIC 1 Experience

You can use the Present Perfect to describe your experience. It is like saying, "I have the experience
of..." You can also use this tense to say that you have never had a certain experience. The Present
Perfect is NOT used todescribe a specific event.
Examples:


I have been to France.
THIS SENTENCE MEANS THAT YOU HAVE HAD THE EXPERIENCE OF BEING IN FRANCE. MAYBE YOU HAVE BEEN
THERE ONCE, OR SEVERAL TIMES.



I have been to France three times.
YOU CAN ADD THE NUMBER OF TIMES AT THE END OF THE SENTENCE.



I have never been to France.
THIS SENTENCE MEANS THAT YOU HAVE NOT HAD THE EXPERIENCE OF GOING TOFRANCE.



I think I have seen that movie before.
 He has never traveled by train.
 Joan has studied two foreign languages.
 A: Have you ever met him?
B: No, I have not met him.

TOPIC 2 Change Over Time
We often use the Present Perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period of time.
Examples:


You have grown since the last time I saw you.
 The government hasbecome more interested in arts education.
 Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the university since t he Asian
studies program was established.
 My English has really improved since I moved to Australia.

TOPIC 3 Accomplishments
We often use the Present Perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals and humanity. You cannot
mention a specific time.
Examples:
Man has walked on the Moon.
 Our son has learned how to read.
 Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.
 Scientists have split the atom.

TOPIC 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting
We often use the Present Perfect to say that an action which we expec ted has not happened. Using
the Present Perfect suggests that we are still waiting for the action to happen.
Examples:



Jameshas not finished his homework yet.
 Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate.
 Bill has still not arrived.
 The rain hasn't stopped.

TOPIC 5 Multiple Actions at Different Times
We also use the Present Perfect to talk about several different actions which have occurred in the
past at different times. Present Perfect suggests the process is not complete and more actions arepossible.
Examples:


The army has attacked that city five times.
 I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.
 We have had many major problems while working on this project.
 She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why she is sick.

Time Expressions with Present Perfect
When we use the Present Perfect it means that something has...
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