Pretroleum geology

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Engineering Encyclopedia
Saudi Aramco DeskTop Standards
PETROLEUMGEOLOGY AND RESERVOIRS
Engineering Encyclopedia Introduction to Exploration, Drillling and Petroleum Engineering
Petroleum Geology and Reservoirs
Saudi Aramco DeskTop Standards i
Section Page
INFORMATION ............................................................................................................... 4INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 4
ROCK STRUCTURES .................................................................................................... 4
Earth Structure ..................................................................................................... 4
Classes ofRock.................................................................................................... 9
Igneous Rock............................................................................................. 9
Sedimentary Rock .............................................................................................. 11
Metamorphic Rock.............................................................................................. 16
Historical Geology.............................................................................................. 23
The Rock Record..................................................................................... 23
Geologic Time Scale .......................................................................................... 26
GENERATION OF HYDROCARBONS......................................................................... 31
SourceRock....................................................................................................... 31
STORAGE OF HYDROCARBONS ............................................................................... 33
Reservoir Rock................................................................................................... 33
Porosity.............................................................................................................. 33
Fluid Saturations...................................................................................... 34
Permeability ............................................................................................. 39
Geologic Traps ................................................................................................... 42Anticlinal Traps ........................................................................................ 43
Fault Traps ......................................................................................................... 47
Salt Dome Traps...................................................................................... 48
Stratigraphic Unconformity................................................................................. 50
Facies Change ................................................................................................... 52
Types of Reservoirs............................................................................................ 53
PRODUCTION OF HYDROCARBONS......................................................................... 56
Absolute...