Procesamiento digital de imagenes

Contents

Abstracts 3
1. Introduction 4
2. Basics concepts 6
3. Image Convolution 8
3.1. Convolution by Separability 10
4. Fourier analysis 13
5. Image enhancement technique 15
5.1. Damage Images 15
5.2. Point to Point transformation 16
5.3. Dynamic range expansion 16
5.4. Histogram technique 17
6. Filtering Process 18
6.1. Digital filtering 18
6.2. Spatialfiltering 18
6.3. Frequency filtering 19
7. Morphological Image processing and morphological filtering 21
7.1. Morphological image processing 21
7.2. Morphological Filtering 22
8. Conclusion 25
Reference 26

* Abstracts

We can obtain lot of information from the satellite images, and how all satellite takes digital pictures, it is necessary to know how we can process the digitalimage, so that we can get the information we want or we need. Introduce the Digital Image Processing (DIP) like a tool that allows us getting the information contained in the digital image. Show some of the mathematical methods for processing the information contained in any kind of digital image (convolution and Fourier Transform), so we can get good quality information from them. Disclose theeffect of the digital filtering on the digital image, and the way they can be use and design it.
Showed us how the DIP is useful for obtain information about the weather’s condition just from a digital picture taken with a satellite. Showed us how the video games consoles can take the digital information contained in a disc and then recreate the image. The ¨DIP is revolutionizing our world in anincredible and fast way.

1. Introduction

The present research work refers to the issue of the Digital Image Processing (DIP), that can be define as the set of technique that are applied to digital image in order to improve quality and facilitate the search of information.
The main objective is to provide the knowledge necessary to implement the DIP’s techniques in the engineeringprocess.
In the academic field our interest was to deepen the knowledge of the DIP, as well as acquire the necessary skill that allows us the implementation of the DIP. And show some mathematical techniques that simplify the application of the DIP in our designs.
The selected research methodology was the compilation of information from other authors, which allowed us to compare concept and technique,this provides us more simple and accurate concepts, plus more detailed techniques.
This research begins exposing the basics concepts needed, like the concept of image, which can be defined as a description of how a parameter varies over a surface.
In the second part this research exposes the image convolution that works in the same way like the lineal convolution. Also is defined the PointSpread Function (PSF) as the impulse respond for a pixel. And then show the convolution by separability as a technique for fast convolution, as long as the PSF is separable. A PSF is said to be separable if it can be broken into two one-dimensional signals: a vertical and a horizontal projection.
Them we explain that the Fourier image analysis does have several useful properties. For example,convolution in the spatial domain corresponds to multiplication in the frequency domain. This is important because multiplication is a simpler mathematical operation than convolution.
In the fifth part it is showed some damages that an image can present like noise, which is considered as a random variation of gray levels, or like degradation, that is the deterioration of image sharpness, or luminosity,or both things at once to the edge of it. The point to point transformations are transformations that are made on the range of gray levels. The dynamic range expansion is applied to poorly contrasted images due to poor lighting (many points in a small range of gray levels). The histogram technique is based on modifying the appearance of the image by controlling the probability density function of...