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Illini DairyNet Papers
Jerseys Versus Holsteins Comparisons
John P. Underwood
03/13/2002
TAKE HOME MESSAGES
• Holsteins are more profitable than Jerseys under fluid milk markets and in the sale of market cows and bull calves.
• Jerseys are competitive with Holsteins under component milkmarkets.
• Holsteins and Jerseys have similar feed efficiency.
• Jerseys are superior in reproductive efficiency.
The Holstein and Jersey dairy breeds have emerged to be the top two breeds in the United States in popularity. The popularity is primarily due to the two breeds having the ability to convert large quantities of forage-based diets into milk and milk components. For the year1999, registered Holsteins averaged on a 305-day M.E. basis, 24,291 pounds milk, 3.66 percent milk fat, 888 pounds milk fat, 3.15 percent milk protein, and 765 pounds milk protein. Registered Jerseys averaged 16,997 pounds milk, 4.57 percent milk fat, 776 pounds milk fat, 3.72 percent milk protein, and 633 pounds milk protein.
With the trend toward milk component pricing, the shift has been awayfrom fluid milk toward milk solids. With the higher percent components in Jersey milk, producers feel the Jersey cow is more suited for today’s marketplace. In addition, producers feel the Jersey cow is more feed efficient and has less reproductive problems. While most research trials have utilized only Jerseys or Holsteins, a small number of studies have utilized both breeds in the same trial.A challenge in evaluating studies with both Jerseys and Holsteins is each breed is vastly different (like comparing apples to oranges). Along with the differences in milk and milk component yields, there are the differences in body weight, with mature Jerseys averaging about 1000 pounds, and Holsteins averaging 1400 to 1500 pounds. Because of this difference in body weight, a Jersey is 1 animalunit and a Holstein is 1.4 animal units.
NUTRITION
A study published from Texas A & M evaluated comparative feed efficiencies between Jerseys and Holsteins. Holstein cows consumed 3.4 percent of their body weight in first trimester, while Jerseys consumed 3.6 percent, and in second trimester the Holsteins declined to 3.0 percent, while the Jerseys increased to 3.7 percent. The 305-d M.E. milkyield for the Holsteins was 17,633 pounds and 13,484 pounds for the Jerseys (Holsteins produced 1.31 x Jersey output).
In the second trimester, the Jerseys had a higher apparent digestibility for protein as compared to the Holsteins. Holsteins had higher energy efficiency in the second trimester as compared to the Jerseys. These results indicated there is no comparative advantage with eitherJerseys or Holsteins. However, the study was conducted over 20 years ago. The Holstein and Jersey breeds have greatly changed since then, with the emphasis on dairy character and milk output. A study utilizing cows of today may reveal different results.
REPRODUCTION
A number of studies have compared Jerseys and Holsteins using reproductive measures. One of the more comprehensive studies wasconducted in North Carolina in 1983. Data came from one Jersey and two Holstein herds from mid-1977 to mid-1978.
The Holstein cows averaged 109.2 days open versus 94.8 days open for the Jerseys. Milk yield in the first 70 days of lactation for the Holsteins was 4061 pounds and 2706 pounds for the Jerseys (Holsteins produced 1.5 x Jersey output). Other results are displayed in Table 1:
Table 1.Means for reproductive measures of Jerseys and Holsteins (Fonseca, 1983).
|TRAIT |Holsteins |Jerseys |
|Days from parturition to 1st ovulation |20.8 |20.0 |
|Interval to cervix involution (days)...