PROYECTO OFICIAL DE GRUPO 4

RESUMEN












ABSTRACT
He/she was carried out a study of a distillation plant with capacity of 25500 BPD, the same one was defined to process raw with certain quantity of sulfur and this way to obtain the biggest quantity in products, since with the raw one after their refinement products are obtained with more value attaché, as input for the petrochemical industry, gasoline, naphtha,among others. In this case a number of very specific products will be obtained (as the hole residual). The main objective in the processes is to separate the one raw fed in diverse courts with bigger value added as the one diesel and the gasoline. The curve TBP is used to know the ranges of boil of each court and to estimate a procedure where we obtain that the one residual that leaves theatmospheric distillation and he/she enters to a tower of distillation to the hole in which is processed. Indeed, the advances technological as regards refinement they have allowed that the oil industry give volumes every time bigger than refined products that not keep necessary relationship with the original components of the petroleum. This way well, it has been through the refinement like the oilindustry has come to becoming the main source of energy supply and important supplier of the matter prevails for chemical industry generating here in but quantity the hole residual to feed another plants.














INDICE
PAG

1. INTRODUCCION…………………………………………………………..........
5
2. PLANTIAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA………………………………………..
6
2.1 IDENTIFICACION DEL PROBLEMA…………………………………...
6
2.2 FORMULACIONDEL PROBLEMA………………………………………
7
3. OBJETIVOS……………………………………………………………………...
7
3.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL……………………………………………………...
7
3.2 OBJETIVO ESPECIFICA ………………………………………………...
7
4. JUSTIFICACION………………………………………………………………..
7
4.1 TECNICA…………………………………………………………………….
7
4.2 ECONOMIA………………………………………………………………..
7
5. MARCO TEORICO…………………………………………………………….
8
5.1 REFINACION GUALBERTOVILLARROEL………………………….
8
5.2 PRODUCCION MAXIMA DE LA REFINERIA……………………….
9
6. CONCEPTOS GENERALES…………………………………………………...
9
6.1 UNIDAD DE CRUDO……………………………………………………..
9
6.2 CARACTERISTICAS PRINCIPALES DEL PROCESO………............
10
6.3 SISTEMA DE PRECALENTAMIENTO DE CRUDO…………………

10
6.3.1 PRE FLASH…………………………………………………………

10
6.3.2 HORNOS ATMOSFERICOS………………………………………11
6.3.3 ZONA FLASH………………………………………………………..

11
6.3.4 PLATOS DE FRACCIONAMIENTO……………………………...

11
6.3.5 MEDIDA DE DENSIDAD API (GRAVEDAD API)……………...

12
6.3.6 SECCION DE TOPE………………………………………………...

13
6.3.7 SECCION DE FONDO……………………………………………...

13
7. PUNTOS DE EBULLICION……………………………………………………

13
8. TIPOS DE DESTILACION…………………………………………………….

14
8.1. DESTILACIONTBP…………………………………………………….

14
8.2 DESTILACION D-1160 Y DESTILACION D-86………………
15


9. PUNTO DE EBULLICION PROMEDIO VOLUMETRICO…………….

16
9.1 PUNTO DE EBULLICION PROMEDIO MOLAR……………………

16
9.2 PUNTO DE EBULLICION MEDIA……………………………………..

17
10. DATOS DEL PETROLIO PROCESADO EN LA REFINERIA GUALBERTO VILLARROEL……………………….............................................

17
10.1 CARACTERIZACION Y EVALUACION DEL CRUDO…………….17
10.2 RESULTADOS DE FICHA TECNICA………………………………...

19
10.3 OPERACIÓN DE TORRE DE DESTILACION TOPPING………….

22
10.3.1 PRICIPALES PROPIDADES DE UNA COLUMNA DE DESTILACION ATMOSFERICA………………………………………………...

25
10.4 PRINCIPALES CARACTERISTICAS PARA QUE SE PRODUSCA LA DESTILACION ATMOSFERICA…………………………………………….27
10.5 FACTORES QUE AFECTAN LA OPERACIÓN DE LA COLUMNA…………………………………………………………………………..

28
10.6 BALACE ENERGETICO………………………………………………..

10.7 DESARROLLO……………………………………………………….......

10.7.1 ESPECIFICACIONES TECNICAS PARA EL DISEÑO Y OPERACIÓN DE UN COLUMNA DE DESTILACION…………………
10.7.2 PSEUDOCOMPONENTES…………………………………………29
11. SIMULACION DE UNA...