Quimica

I. The following questions belong to one of the topics covered on the second chapter of Unit 1, answer the questions and choose the correct topic to which the question belongs.
1. What is a strengthener?
Something used to give additional strength.
Topic: ____________________________________________________________

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2. Why toilet and drain cleaners shouldn’t?
They arestrong bases and acid, and they neutralizes releasing gases.

3. Define an emulsion and an emulsion agent
Emulsion:  A dispersion of one liquid in a second immiscible liquid
Emulsifying agent: Substances that are soluble in both fat and water and enable fat to be uniformly dispersed in water as an emulsion.
Topic:_________________________________________________________________________

4. In terms of molecules, explain why is the stickiness of orange easily removed with water while the fat of fries needs soap to be removed.
The sugar is easy removed just with water , but the fat that won't mix with the water needs an agent that is able to take it off at the moment of rinse.
Topic: ____________________________________________________________

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5.What is a colloidal suspension, how can you tell if a mixture is a true solution or a colloid.
Is a type of emulsion that is a mixture of two or more liquids which are normally immiscible. colloids look cloudy.
Topic: Alkylbenzene sulfonate (ABS).

6. The compounds tripolyphosfate is no longer used as a detergent additive in the United States, explain why.
It contaminates water, negativeenvironmental impacts were realized. The molecules could not be broken down by the microorganisms in sewage treatment plants.
Topic: ____________________________________________________________

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7. Explain the main function of each of the following compounds in the laundry formulas
a) Enzymes These agents are required to degrade recalcitrant stains composed of proteins,fats, or carbohydrates. Each type of stain requires a different type of enzyme, i.e., protease for proteins, lipases for greases, and amylases for carbohydrates.
 
b) Bleaching agents The main targets of bleaches are of vegetable origin include chlorophyll, anthocyanin dyes, tannins, humic acids, and carotenoid pigments. Most bleaches in laundry detergents are oxidizers, e.g., sodiumperborate or sodium hypochlorite

c) Fragrances A chemical compound that has a smell or odor. A chemical compound has a smell or odor when two conditions are met: the compound needs to be volatile, so it can be transported to the olfactory system in the upper part of the nose, and it needs to be in a sufficiently high concentration to be able to interact with one or more of the olfactoryreceptors.
Topic: ____________________________________________________________

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8. Which is the main function of conditioners? Which types of compounds do they contain?
The main use is to alter the appearance and texture of the hair and it includes those made with silicone, fatty alcohols, and quaternary ammonium compounds. These chemical products allow the benefits of hairconditioner without feeling greasy or heavy.
Topic: ____________________________________________________________

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9. Mention the problems associated with the use of soap with hard water
Hard water is generally not harmful to one's health but can pose serious problems in industrial settings, where water hardness is monitored to avoid costly breakdowns in boilers, cooling towers,and other equipment that handles water. In domestic settings, the hardness of water is often indicated by the non-formation of suds when soap is agitated in the water sample.
Topic: ____________________________________________________________

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10. Which are the active ingredients in toilet cleaners and how do they work
Hydrochloric Acid
Chlorine Bleach
Topic:...