Repaso Para El Comprensivo

Part 1: Helping Relationships (45 Questions)
Freud (1856-1939):
Also known as Deterministic Model
Believed in underlying physiological processes (vs. Skinners external causes) of determinism.
3 Theories/Models
1st Model:
Conscious
Everything we are aware of.
Pre-Conscious
Ordinary memory
Easily recalled
Unconscious
Reservoir of thoughts, feelings, urges, memories we aren’t aware of(mostly unpleasant- which influence us)
2nd Model
Id
Driven by desires, needs and wants.
Present at birth, instinctive, primitive, unconscious
Source of all psychic energy, primary component of personality
Ruled by pleasure principle
Primary process resolves tension of unmet needs via mental image.
Ego
Mediator
Uses defense mechanisms
Deals with reality via Reality Principle
Tries tosatisfy Id in real world, socially ok ways.
Develop from Id and can satisfy it by secondary Process
Finding real world object that matches mental image.
Operates in conscious, pre-conscious and un-conscious
Super Ego
Rationality
Last personality component to develop (at 5 yr old)
Holds our sense of right and wrong
Internalized values from society, etc.
Civilizes our behavior
Two Parts:1. Ego Ideal:
* good behaviors – good consequences
2. The Conscience:
* bad behaviors – bad consequences
Urges towards ideals, not Id urges
In conscious, pre-conscious and un-conscious
3rd Model
Stages of Psychosexual Development
Oral (0-1 yr)
Mouth
Trust
Primary conflict-weaning
Fixations includes:
Drinking, eating, smoking, nail biting, dependency, aggression
Mouth ispleasure area
Deals with Feeding and Trust
Anal (1-3 yrs)
Bladder and bowel mastery
Independence and accomplishment
Potty Training Occurs
Delayed Gratification
Control/Authority Issues comes out
Anal Retentive: holds things in
Stringent, orderly, rigid &/or obsessive
If parents are strict or pushes to PT too soon
Anal Expulsive: let everything out
Messy, wasteful &/or destructiveif parent are too lenient with PT
Phallic (3-6 yrs)
Oedipus Complex
Castration anxiety
Electra Complex
Penis envy
Genitals sex differences
Identify with same gender parent to “possess” opposite gendered parent vicariously.
Latency (6-puberty)
Sexual interests are suppressed via Ego and Super Ego
Peer relations increase
Repress and stay within same sex, socialization
Genital(puberty-death)
Strong sexual interest in opposite sex
Others welfare increases goal is balance
Hormones kick in
Focus on finding you own “Mommy or Daddy”
Defense Mechanisms:
Denial-Avoid the truth
Reaction Formation
React in the opposite way that you are feeling.
Projection-Blame others
Externalization of an unacceptable wish
Displacement
Place your anger towards one stimulus on another moreneutral stimulus.
Sublimation
Channel anger or emotions into useful/productive things (i.e., exercise)
Regression
Go back into a previous developmental stage, possibly one you are stuck in.
Introjection/Identification
Take in the personality of someone else and act it out unconsciously
Theoretical Aspects of Freud:
Dream Analysis:
Provides clues to neurotic disorders (i.e., hysteria) andopens road to unconsciousness.
Believed dreams are disguised wish fulfillments of repressed wish(es).
Free Association:
Patients relate anything that comes to mind, so that a crucial memory would come to light, thinking that all memories are arranged in a single associative network.
Analysis of Resistance:
Patients directly or indirectly oppose changing behavior or refuse to discuss,remember, or think about relevant experiences
Working through- therapist says as little as possible so the client makes links
Resistance and Transference
Analysis of Transference
Unconscious redirection of feelings from one person to another
Part of treatment is to recognize and explore meaning of transference to reveal unresolved conflicts with childhood figures
Erik Erikson (1902-1994):
8...