Reporte de residencias
Páginas: 58 (14331 palabras)
Publicado: 10 de junio de 2010
Biotechnology Advances 25 (2007) 244 – 263 www.elsevier.com/locate/biotechadv
Research review paper
Advances in citric acid fermentation by Aspergillus niger: Biochemical aspects, membrane transport and modeling
Maria Papagianni ⁎
Department of Hygiene and Technology of Food of Animal Origin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54006 Thessaloniki, GreeceReceived 8 October 2006; received in revised form 11 January 2007; accepted 11 January 2007 Available online 19 January 2007
Abstract Citric acid is regarded as a metabolite of energy metabolism, of which the concentration will rise to appreciable amounts only under conditions of substantive metabolic imbalances. Citric acid fermentation conditions were established during the 1930s and 1940s,when the effects of various medium components were evaluated. The biochemical mechanism by which Aspergillus niger accumulates citric acid has continued to attract interest even though its commercial production by fermentation has been established for decades. Although extensive basic biochemical research has been carried out with A. niger, the understanding of the events relevant for citric acidaccumulation is not completely understood. This review is focused on citric acid fermentation by A. niger. Emphasis is given to aspects of fermentation biochemistry, membrane transport in A. niger and modeling of the production process. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Citric acid; Aspergillus niger
Contents 1. 2. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fermentation conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1. Submerged fermentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.1. Carbon source . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.2. Nitrogen and phosphate limitation . . . 2.1.3. Broth pH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.4. Aeration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.5. Trace elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.6. Fungal morphology . . . . . . . . . . .Biochemistry of citric acid formation . . . . . . . . . . 3.1. Invertase, hexokinases, and glucose oxidase . . 3.2. Phosphofructokinases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3. Glycolytic and the pentose phosphate pathway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 246 246 246 247 247 247 248 248 250 251 251 252
3.
⁎ Fax: +30 2310 999829. E-mail address: mp2000@vet.auth.gr. 0734-9750/$ - see front matter © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rightsreserved. doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2007.01.002
M. Papagianni / Biotechnology Advances 25 (2007) 244–263
245
3.4. Pyruvate kinase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5. Fixation of carbon dioxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6. Glyoxylate cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7.Tricarboxylic acid cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8. Citrate synthase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9. Isocitrate dehydrogenases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.10. Glutamine synthase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.11. NADH regeneration and oxidative phosphorylation...
Research review paper
Advances in citric acid fermentation by Aspergillus niger: Biochemical aspects, membrane transport and modeling
Maria Papagianni ⁎
Department of Hygiene and Technology of Food of Animal Origin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54006 Thessaloniki, GreeceReceived 8 October 2006; received in revised form 11 January 2007; accepted 11 January 2007 Available online 19 January 2007
Abstract Citric acid is regarded as a metabolite of energy metabolism, of which the concentration will rise to appreciable amounts only under conditions of substantive metabolic imbalances. Citric acid fermentation conditions were established during the 1930s and 1940s,when the effects of various medium components were evaluated. The biochemical mechanism by which Aspergillus niger accumulates citric acid has continued to attract interest even though its commercial production by fermentation has been established for decades. Although extensive basic biochemical research has been carried out with A. niger, the understanding of the events relevant for citric acidaccumulation is not completely understood. This review is focused on citric acid fermentation by A. niger. Emphasis is given to aspects of fermentation biochemistry, membrane transport in A. niger and modeling of the production process. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Citric acid; Aspergillus niger
Contents 1. 2. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fermentation conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1. Submerged fermentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.1. Carbon source . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.2. Nitrogen and phosphate limitation . . . 2.1.3. Broth pH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.4. Aeration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.5. Trace elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.6. Fungal morphology . . . . . . . . . . .Biochemistry of citric acid formation . . . . . . . . . . 3.1. Invertase, hexokinases, and glucose oxidase . . 3.2. Phosphofructokinases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3. Glycolytic and the pentose phosphate pathway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 246 246 246 247 247 247 248 248 250 251 251 252
3.
⁎ Fax: +30 2310 999829. E-mail address: mp2000@vet.auth.gr. 0734-9750/$ - see front matter © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rightsreserved. doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2007.01.002
M. Papagianni / Biotechnology Advances 25 (2007) 244–263
245
3.4. Pyruvate kinase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5. Fixation of carbon dioxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6. Glyoxylate cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7.Tricarboxylic acid cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8. Citrate synthase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9. Isocitrate dehydrogenases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.10. Glutamine synthase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.11. NADH regeneration and oxidative phosphorylation...
Leer documento completo
Regístrate para leer el documento completo.