resumen cultura maya

Resumen de la cultura Maya

1. Ubicación geográfica:
Península de Yucatán, Mesoamérica. Abarcó parte de México, Guatemala, Belice, Honduras, El Salvador.

Ubicación temporal:
300 d.C. - en 1523 d.C.
Generalidades
sur de Yucatán, parte de Guatemala y Honduras
entre los siglos III y XV.
ciudades-estado independientes entre si

2. Organización

Política
Sus principales autoridadesfueron:
- Halach-Uinic: Máximo gobernante de cada ciudad-estado.
- Ah holpop: Delegado político-religioso del Halach Uinic.
- Ahuacán: Máximo sacerdote.
- Nacom: Jefe militar.
- Bataboob: Gobernadores regionales.

Social:
La sociedad maya se dividía en varios estamentos sociales:
- Almehenoobs: Nobleza hereditaria.
- Mecehual: Hombres del pueblo.
- Ahchembal: Siervos. HombresInferiores.
- Pentacobs: Esclavos.
Estructura social
Se puede decir que la sociedad maya se dividía en cuatro grandes grupos sociales:
* La nobleza formada por sacerdotes, guerreros, burócratas y comerciantes, ejercía el poder y se pertenecía a este grupo sólo por nacimiento.
* Los artesanos especializados, que elaboraban los objetos utilizados por la nobleza para vestirse, adornar sus viviendas ydemostrar su rango.
* Los campesinos que vivían dispersos en torno a las ciudades y tributaban un tercio de lo que producían a la nobleza.
* Los esclavos, prisioneros de guerra que eran vendidos para hacer trabajos o para ser sacrificados en determinados rituales a la lluvia, la tierra o el sol.
Political Organization
The Mayans politically formed a number of city-states , ruled by a city , inthe manner of ancient Greece. Each state was ruled by a halach uinic , "real man " whose hereditary office . His duties were to direct the domestic and foreign policy , levy taxes and comply with militare functions . It was advised by local chiefs , regional , priests and special advisers.
The batab was a local chief in charge of ensuring the correct running of your villa , direct your troopsand take over local affairs. No tax perceived , despite uinic halach represent .
The minor roles were tupiles , responsible for enforcing the law. The commander was the nacom , elected for a period of three years.
society

The Mayan society was composed of different social classes : the nobles, the priests , the people and the slaves. Nobles was the highlight of the society group whoseprivileges were transmitted by inheritance. Among them was elected the head of each family clan and local leaders .
The priests were the highlights for enjoy greater prestige. They had prominent roles in government and culture as presiding religious ceremonies, sacrifices , mastery of timing , knowledge of the cycles of agriculture. They were historians , astronomers, mathematicians. The generic name ofpriest was akkin . The soothsayers or chilanes were particularly prized by the people , whereas the nacom or sacrificer was poorly conceptualized .
The people formed the greater part of society . Supplying labor for agricultural work , weaving , fishing , hunting and building . They were one of the most industrious of pre-Columbian America .
Finally , slaves were the last class. They wereprisoners of war or criminals are bought or sold as a commodity. The lawbreaker could obtain his freedom when he paid for his crime . Maya 's family was monogamous .
economy

The base of the Mayan economy was agriculture. The ground work was done with the slash , burn consisting of field or forest industries , without any manure , planted in holes made a pointed stick . Periodically weeds obscured ,to loss of soil fertility , so we left the place and sought another . This had an impact on the cities were very scattered . Due to the need for water, were located near lakes or rivers or constructed "cenotes" , underground water tanks considerable depth . They grew mainly corn and snuff , squash , cotton , tomato , cocoa , tubers , cassava .
Sociedad
La elite social la constituían los...