Resumenes

SOUTH AFRICA

South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa, is a country located at the southern tip of Africa. It is divided into nine provinces, with 2,798 kilometers (1,739 mi) ofcoastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans. To the north of the country lie the neighboring territories of Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe; to the east are Mozambique and Swaziland; while Lesotho isan enclave surrounded by South African territory.
South Africa is multi-ethnic and has diverse cultures and languages. Eleven official languages are recognized in the constitution. Two of these languagesare of European origin: English and Afrikaans, a language which originated mainly from Dutch that is spoken by the majority of white and Colored South Africans. Though English is commonly used in publicand commercial life, it is only the fifth most-spoken home language. All ethnic and language groups have political representation in the country's constitutional democracy comprising a parliamentaryrepublic; unlike most parliamentary republics, the positions of head of state and head of government are merged in a parliament-dependent President.
MAIN INDUSTRIES
The government's Black EconomicEmpowerment policies have drawn criticism from the Development Bank of Southern Africa's lead economist[who?] for focusing "almost exclusively on promoting individual ownership by black people (which)does little to address broader economic disparities, though the rich may become more diverse."[87] Official affirmative action policies have seen a rise in black economic wealth and an emerging blackmiddle class.[88] Other problems include state ownership and interference, which impose high barriers to entry in many areas.[89] Restrictive labour regulations have contributed to the unemploymentmalaise.
Main cities

Province | Provincial capital | Largest city | Area (km²)[69] | Population (2011 est.)[70] |
Eastern Cape | Bhisho | Port Elizabeth | 168,966 | 6,829,958 |
Free State |...