Sagan, Carl - Pale Blue

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Ballantine Books Edition, September 1997
ISBN: 0-345-37659-5
Scanned: December, 2000 V.1.0
Formatted for viewing in Word 97



CARL SAGAN







PALE BLUE DOT





A V I S I O N O F T H E
H U M A N F U T UR E I N S PA C E






F O R S A MAnother wanderer,
May your generation see
Wonders undreamt.

SPACECRAFT EXPLORATION

OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM


NOTABLE EARLY ACHIEVEMENTS





UNITED STATES


1958 First scientific discovery in space-Van Allen radiation belt
(Explorer 1)
1959First television images of the Earth from space
(Explorer 6)
1962 First scientific discovery in interplanetary space -direct observation of the solar wind
(Mariner 2)
1962 First scientifically successful planetary mission
(Mariner 2 to Venus)
1962 First astronomical observatory in space
(OSO-1)
1968 First manned orbit of another world(Apollo 8 to the Moon)
1969 First landing of humans on another world
(Apollo 11 to the Moon)
1969 First samples returned to Earth from another world
(Apollo 11 to the Moon)
1971 First manned roving vehicle on another world
(Apollo 15 to the Moon)
1971 First spacecraft to orbit another planet
(Mariner 9 to Mars)
1973 Firstflyby of Jupiter
(Pioneer 10)
1974 First dual-planet mission
(Mariner 10 to Venus and Mercury)
1974 First flyby of Mercury
(Mariner 10)
1976 First successful Mars landing; first spacecraft
to search for life on another planet
(Viking 1)
1977 First flybys of Saturn
(Pioneer 11)
1981 First manned reusable spacecraft(STS-1)
1980- First satellite to be retrieved, repaired,
1984 and redeployed in space
(Solar Maximum Mission)
1985 First distant cometary encounter
(International Cometary Explorer to Comet Giacobini-Zimmer)
1986 First flyby of Uranus
(Voyager 2)
1989 First flyby of Neptune
(Voyager 2)
1992 First detection of theheliopause
(Voyager)
1992 First encounter with a main-belt asteroid
(Galileo to Gaspra)
1994 First detection of a moon of an asteroid
(Galileo to Ida)


SOVIET UNION/RUSSIA

1957 First artificial satellite of the Earth
(Sputnik 1)
1957 First animal in space
(Sputnik 2)
1959 First spacecraft to escape the Earth's gravity(Luna 1)
1959 First artificial planet of the Sun
(Luna 1)
1959 First spacecraft to impact another world
(Luna 2 to the Moon)
1959 First view of the far side of the moon
(Luna 3)
1961 First human in space
(Vostok 1)
1961 First human to orbit the Earth
(Vostok 1)
1961 First spacecraft to fly by other planets
(Venera 1 toVenus;
1962 Mars 1 to Mars)
1963 First woman in space
(Vostok 6)
1964 First multi-person space mission
(Voskhod 1)
1965 First space "walk"
(Voskhod 2)
1966 First spacecraft to enter the atmosphere of another planet
(Venera 3 to Venus)
1966 First spacecraft to orbit another world
(Luna 10 to the Moon)
1966 First successful softlanding on another world
(Luna 9 to the Moon)
1970 First robot mission to return a sample from another world
(Luna 16 to the Moon)
1970 First roving vehicle on another world
(Luna 17 to the Moon)
1971 First soft landing on another planet
(Mars 3 to Mars)
1972 First scientifically successful landing on another planet
(Venera 8 to Venus)...