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Jean-François Champollion was a French classical scholar, philologist and orientalist, decipherer of the Egyptian hieroglyphs.
Jean-François Champollion was born in Figeac in south-western France on22 December 1790. He was educated privately until he was nine years old, when he was sent to join his brother at the Académie de Grenoble. In Grenoble, under the influence of Fourier, a formersecretary of the mission in Egypt, and of his elder brother, Jean-François focused his study on the ancient languages of the east and of Egypt in particular.
In 1807, Jean-François moved to Paris, where hestudied at the School of Oriental Languages at the Collège de France. Dedicating himself to the study of various oriental languages - including Persian, Ethiopic, Sanskrit, Zend, Pahlevi and Arabic -Champollion also began work on a dictionary and grammar of the Coptic language. Still only 19, and exempted from military service thanks to the intervention of Fourier, Champollion returned toGrenoble as an assistant professor of History. In 1814 he published his two volumes, entitled 'L'Égypte sous les Pharaons'.

Examining texts brought from Egypt, he began to identify a relationship betweenhieroglyphic and non-hieroglyphic scripts. In 1822, Champollion finally published the first correct translation of the hieroglyphs and the key to the Egyptian grammatical system and published thefirst translation of the Rosetta Stone hieroglyphs.

In 1826, Champollion became director of the soon-to-be-opened Egyptian Museum at the Louvre. From 1828 to 1830 he conducted his only expedition inEgypt. When he returned to Paris in 1831, a professorship in Egyptian history and archaeology was specially created for him.
Champollion died suddenly on 4 March 1832, in the midst of writing hisgreat Egyptian grammar and dictionary. This was published by his brother after his death.

Bibliography
* Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jean-François Champollion.
* BBC History,...