Solar Thermal Energy In Spain Review

3th year Mechanical Engineering and Renewable energies
Lecture name: Dr. Niall Burke
Solar Energy 3

SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS REVIEW

Student name: Javier Flores Giner

Due date: 21/10/2012
Date of submission: 21/10/2013
INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION
2. SOLAR ENERGY
3. PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR
4.1. PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGY
4.2.1. PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS
4.2.2. REGULATOR4.2.3. BATTERIES
4.2.4. THE INVERTER
4.2. EFFICIENCIES
4.3.5. EFFICIENCIES ACHIEVED
4.3.6. EFFICIENCIES ACORDING MATERIALS
4. THERMAL SOLAR
5.3. CURVES EFFICIENCIES
5.4. THERMAL SOLAR TECHNOLOGY
5.5.7. SOLAR COLLECTORS
5.5.8. PRIMARY CIRCUIT
5.5.9. HEAT INTERCHARGER
5.5.10. STORAGE SYSTEMS5.5. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
5.6. USES
5.7.11. INDUSTRY
5.7.12. RESIDENTIAL
5. STATE OF THE ART
6.7. SFERIC CELL SOLAR
6.8. TRANSPARENT CELL SOLAR
6.9. MODIFIED CARBON NANOTUBES TO STORE SOLAR ENERGY INDEFINITELY.
6. SPAIN WEATHER EFFECTS
7.10. SPANISH CLIMATE
7.11. WEATHER EFFECTS
7. ECONOMICS
8.12. COSTSOLAR THERMAL SYSTEM
8.13. LIFESPAN AND REPAYMENT PERIOD
8.14. GRANTS OR SUBSIDIES
8. ENVIROLMENT IMPACT
9.15. SOLAR AND CONVENTIONAL ENERGY
9. NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY
10. CONCLUSION

APPENDIX
1. STANDARDS
2.1. APPLICABLE REGULATIONS
2.2. STANDARDS CONSULTATION
2.3.1. GENERAL REQUERIMENTS
2.3.2. TEST METHODS2.3.3. REQUERIMENTS FOR CONSTRUCTION
2.3.4. REQUERIMENTS FOR TESTING
2. TRAINING FOR INSTALLERS
3. SPANISH MANUFACTURERS

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1- Best Research-Cell Efficiencies
Figure 2 - Materials Efficiencies
Figure 3 - Efficiency curves according to radiation
Figure 4 - Installation solar thermal system
Figure 5 - Thermo vertical solar accumulator
Figure6 - Spain’s climate zones
Figure 7 – Spain’s Annual hours of sun
Figure 8 – Global irradiation and solar electricity potential
Table 1 – Industry uses according process and temperature
Table 2 – Cost of kW according potential installed
Table 3 - Number of land occupied (in m2) for a facility producing 1 GW·h of energy for 30 years for various technologies.

1. INTRODUCTION

Thisreport aims to explain the systems use of solar energy, focusing more strongly on thermal systems, noting the technology used for these. It also seeks to highlight the factors that influence the efficiency of their own, such as materials by which they are built, according to radiation, and the effects of the weather on them. It also intends to define what may be the most suitable for residential andindustrial life, what is the cost of installation and that aid can have if given the chance to settle in some type of home. I also mention the rules and laws that should govern the systems, such as construction, testing, safety, etc.

This work is focused on the situation of solar energy in Spain, all data is based in Spain, such as legislation, training for installers, effects of weather,economics and manufacturers.
2. SOLAR ENERGY

Solar energy is the energy obtained from the use of electromagnetic radiation from the Sun.

The solar radiation reaching Earth can be exploited by using different sensors which technologies (photovoltaic cells, heliostats, and thermal collectors) can transform it into electricity or thermal.

The radiation power varies by time of day, the weatherconditions and latitude. It can be assumed that radiation in good value is about 1000 W/m² on land. This power is known as irradiance.

Radiation is usable in direct and diffuse components, or the sum of both. Direct radiation is reaching the solar focus directly, without intermediate reflections or refractions. The diffuse is issued by the daytime sky thanks to the many phenomena of reflection...