Spanish I

Repaso – Review SPANISH I
IV- Articles & Demonstratives
1. El is also used with feminine nouns beginning with a or ha when the accent is on the first syllable. Words that end in -o and -orare generally masculine, with a few exceptions: la mano (hand), la foto (photo).
2. Words that end in -a are generally feminine, with a few exceptions: el mapa (map), el problema (problem). Otherfeminine words end in -ción, -tad, -dad, or -tud.
3. Use the ese forms to mean that when what you are talking about is near the person you are addressing.
4. Use the aquel forms when whatyou are talking about is far from both you and the person you are addressing.
5. Esto and eso are the neuter forms of this and that. They can be used in general and abstract ways. Demonstrativeadjectives (listed above) are used before a noun; if you want to use the demonstrative pronouns, which are used before a verb, add an accent on all of the first e's: éste, ésta, éstos, éstas, ése, ésa,ésos, ésas, aquél, aquélla, aquéllos, aquéllas.

V- Subject Pronouns
1. Nosotras and vosotras refer to a group of all females, as well as ellas.
2. Ustedes is almost always used for saying"you all" in all Spanish speaking countries. Usted can be abbreviated to Ud. Ustedes can also be abbreviated to Uds. Please note that the subject pronouns are rarely used before verbs.

VI- ToBe & to Have
1. Ser is used to identify or describe. It tells what something is, its basic characteristics, or its origin.
2. Estar is used to tell the location of something or howsomeone feels.
Sometimes changing the verb can completely change the meaning: ser aburrido means to be boring, while estar aburrido means to be bored.
Others include: ser bueno - to be nice, estarbueno - to be in good health; ser callado - to be discrete, estar callado - to be silent; ser moreno - to have brown hair, estar moreno - to be tan.
Many common expressions using the verb "be" in...