Stress-strain curve

Engineering Stress-strain Curve

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News Who is it for Guided Tour FAQ Contact Us Abstract: The engineering tension test is widely used to provide basic design information on the strength of materials and as an acceptance test for the specification of materials. In the tension test a specimen is subjected to a continually increasinguniaxial tensile force while simultaneous observations are made of the elongation of the specimen. The parameters, which are used to describe the stress -strain curve of a metal, are the tensile strength, yield strength or yield point, percent elongation, and reduction of area . The first two are strength parameters; the last two indicate ductility.

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Engineering Stress-strain Curve
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The engineering tension test is widely used to provide basic design information on images/the strength of materials and as an acceptance test for the specification of materials. In the tension test a specimen issubjected to a continually increasing uniaxial tensile force while simultaneous observations are made of the elongation of the specimen. An engineering stress-strain curve is constructed from the load elongation measurements (Fig. 1).

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Figure 1. The engineering stress-strain curve It is obtained by dividing the load by the original area of the cross section of the specimen. (1)

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The strain used for theengineering stress-strain curve is the average linear strain, which is obtained by dividing the elongation of the gage length of the specimen, d, by its original length. (2)

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31/10/2005

Engineering Stress-strain Curve

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Sinceboth the stress and the strain are obtained by dividing the load and elongation by constant factors, the load-elongation curve will have the same shape as the engineering stress-strain curve. The two curves are frequently used interchangeably. The shape and magnitude of the stress-strain curve of a metal will depend on its composition, heat treatment, prior history of plastic deformation, and thestrain rate, temperature, and state of stress imposed during the testing. The parameters, which are used to describe the stress-strain curve of a metal, are the tensile strength, yield strength or yield point, percent elongation, and reduction of area. The first two are strength parameters; the last two indicate ductility. The general shape of the engineering stress-strain curve (Fig. 1) requiresfurther explanation. In the elastic region stress is linearly proportional to strain. When the load exceeds a value corresponding to the yield strength, the specimen undergoes gross plastic deformation. It is permanently deformed if the load is released to zero. The stress to produce continued plastic deformation increases with increasing plastic strain, i.e., the metal strain-hardens. The volumeof the specimen remains constant during plastic deformation, A ·L = A 0·L0 and as the specimen elongates, it decreases uniformly along the gage length in crosssectional area.

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Initially the strain hardening more than compensates for this decrease in area and the engineering stress (proportional to load P) continues...