Sudafrica Ingles

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South Africa
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the modern country. For other uses, see South Africa (disambiguation).

Republic of South Africa[show] |
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Flag | Coat of arms |
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Motto: !ke e: ǀxarra ǁke  (ǀXam)
"Unity In Diversity" |
Anthem: National anthem of South Africa |
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Capital |Pretoria (executive)
Bloemfontein (judicial)
Cape Town (legislative) |
Largest | Johannesburg (2006)[2] |
Official language(s) | 11[3][show] |
Ethnic groups  | 79.5% Black
9.0% White
9.0% Coloured
2.5% Asian[4] |
Demonym | South African |
Government | Constitutionalparliamentary republic |
 -  | President | Jacob Zuma |
 -  | Deputy President | Kgalema Motlanthe |
 -  | NCOP Chairman |M. J. Mahlangu |
 -  | National Assembly Speaker | Max Sisulu |
 -  | Chief Justice | Mogoeng Mogoeng |
Legislature | Parliament |
 -  | Upper house | National Council of Provinces |
 -  | Lower house | National Assembly |
Independence | from the United Kingdom  |
 -  | Union | 31 May 1910  |
 -  | Statute of Westminster | 11 December 1931  |
 -  | Republic | 31 May 1961  |Area |
 -  | Total | 1,221,037 km2 (25th)
471,443 sq mi  |
 -  | Water (%) | Negligible |
Population |
 -  | 2012 estimate | 48,810,427[5] (24th) |
 -  | 2001 census | 44,819,778[6]  |
 -  | Density | 41.4/km2 (169th)
107.2/sq mi |
GDP (PPP) | 2011 estimate |
 -  | Total | $555.134 billion[7]  |
 -  | Per capita | $10,973[7]  |
GDP (nominal) | 2011 estimate |
 -  | Total |$408.074 billion[7]  |
 -  | Per capita | $8,066[7]  |
Gini (2009) | 63.1[8] (high) (2nd) |
HDI (2011) | 0.619  (medium) (123rd) |
Currency | South African rand(ZAR) |
Time zone | SAST (UTC+2) |
Drives on the | Left |
ISO 3166 code | ZA |
Internet TLD | .za |
Calling code | +27 |
Coordinates: 30°S 25°E
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa, is a country located atthe southern tip of Africa. It is divided into nine provinces and has 2,798 kilometres (1,739 mi) of coastline.[9][10][11] To the north of the country lie the neighbouring territories of Namibia,Botswana and Zimbabwe; to the east are Mozambique and Swaziland; while Lesotho is an enclave surrounded by South African territory.[12]
South Africa is a multi-ethnic nation and has diverse cultures andlanguages. Eleven official languages are recognised in the constitution.[11] Two of these languages are of European origin: South African English and Afrikaans, a language which originated mainly from Dutch that is spoken by the majority of white and Coloured South Africans. Though English is commonly used in public and commercial life, it is only the fifth most-spoken home language.[11] Allethnic and language groups have political representation in the country's constitutional democracy comprising a parliamentary republic; unlike most parliamentary republics, the positions of head of state and head of government are merged in a parliament-dependent President.
About 79.5% of the South African population is of black African ancestry,[4] divided among a variety of ethnic groups speakingdifferent Bantu languages, nine of which have official status.[11] South Africa also contains the largest communities of European, Asian, and racially mixed ancestry in Africa.
South Africa is ranked as an upper-middle income economy by the World Bank.[13] It has the largest economy in Africa, and the 28th-largest in the world.[14] About a quarter of the population is unemployed[15] and lives onless than US $1.25 a day.[16]
Contents  [hide]  * 1 History * 1.1 Prehistoric finds * 1.2 Colonization * 1.3 Republic * 2 Politics * 2.1 Law * 2.2 Foreign relations * 2.3 Military * 3 Provinces * 4 Geography * 4.1 Climate * 4.2 Flora and fauna * 5 Economy * 5.1 Labour market * 5.2 Science and technology * 6 Demographics *...