suelos

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Esquema del suelo:
O - Materia orgánica
A - Suelo
B - Subsuelo
C - Material parental
Se denomina suelo a la parte superficial de la corteza terrestre,biológicamente activa, que proviene de la desintegración o alteración física y química de las rocas y de los residuos de las actividades de seres vivos que se asientan sobre ella.1
Los suelos son sistemas complejos donde ocurren una vasta gama de procesos físicos y biológicos que se ven reflejados en la gran variedad de suelos existentes en la tierra.
Son muchos los procesos que pueden contribuir acrear un suelo particular, algunos de estos son: la deposición eólica, sedimentación en cursos de agua, meteorización, y deposición de material orgánico.
De un modo simplificado puede decirse que las etapas implicadas en la formación del suelo son las siguientes:
Disgregación mecánica de las rocas.
Meteorización química de los materiales regolíticos, liberados.
Instalación de los seres vivos(microorganismos, líquenes, musgos, etc.) sobre ese sustrato inorgánico. Esta es la fase más significativa, ya que con sus procesos vitales y metabólicos, continúan la meteorización de los minerales, iniciada por mecanismos inorgánicos. Además, los restos vegetales y animales a través de la fermentación y la putrefacción enriquecen ese sustrato.
Mezcla de todos estos elementos entre sí, y con agua...