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Junk food is an informal term applied to some foods which are perceived to have little or no nutritional value, or to products with nutritional value but which also have ingredients considered unhealthy when regularly eaten, or to those considered unhealthy to consume at all. The term was coined by Michael Jacobson, director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest, in 1972.[1]
Junkfoods are typically ready to eat convenience foods containing high levels of saturated fats, salt, or sugar; and little or no fruit, vegetables, or dietary fibre.
Junk food includes foods such as soft drinks, hamburgers, hot dogs, ice cream, cake, French fries, chocolate and other confectionery, pizza, cookies, fried chicken and donuts.
Contents[hide] * 1 Marketing * 2 Health effects * 3 Seealso * 4 References * 5 External links |
[edit] Marketing
During 2006, in the United Kingdom, following a high profile media campaign by the chef Jamie Oliver and a threat of court action from the National Heart Forum,[2] the UK advertising regulator and competition authority, launched a consultation on advertising of foods to children.[3] The Food Standards Agency was one of manyrespondents.[4] As a result, a ban on advertising during children's television programmes and programmes aimed at school aged children (5-16) was announced.[5] The ban also includes marketing using celebrities, cartoon characters and health or nutrition claims.
[edit] Health effects
A study by Paul Johnson and Paul Kenny at The Scripps Research Institute suggested that junk food alters brain activity in amanner similar to addictive drugs like cocaine or heroin.[6] After many weeks on a junk food diet, the pleasure centers of rat brains became desensitized, requiring more food for pleasure. After the junk food was taken away and replaced with a healthy diet, the rats starved for two weeks instead of eating nutritious fare.[7] A 2007 British Journal of Nutrition study found that mothers who eatjunk food during pregnancy increased the likelihood of unhealthy eating habits in their children.[8]
Fast food
(also known as Quick Service Restaurant or QSR within the industry itself) is the term given to food that can be prepared and served very quickly. While any meal with low preparation time can be considered to be fast food, typically the term refers to food sold in a restaurant or storewith preheated or precooked ingredients, and served to the customer in a packaged form for take-out/take-away. The term "fast food" was recognized in a dictionary by Merriam–Webster in 1951.
Outlets may be stands or kiosks, which may provide no shelter or seating,[1] or fast food restaurants (also known as quick service restaurants). Franchise operations which are part of restaurant chains havestandardized foodstuffs shipped to each restaurant from central locations.[2]
The capital requirements involved in opening up a fast food restaurant are relatively low. Restaurants with much higher sit-in ratios, where customers tend to sit and have their orders brought to them in a seemingly more upscale atmosphere, may be known in some areas as fast casual restaurants.
Contents[hide] * 1History * 1.1 Pre-modern Europe * 1.1.1 United Kingdom * 1.1.2 United States * 2 On the go * 2.1 Filling stations * 2.2 Street vendors and concessions * 3 Cuisine * 3.1 Variants * 4 Business * 5 Globalization * 6 Criticism * 6.1 Health issues * 6.1.1 Caesar Barber Controversy * 7 See also * 8 Notes * 8.1 Bibliography * 9External links |
[edit] History
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Pulling wheat dough into thin strands to form lamian
See also: Fast food restaurant history
The concept of ready-cooked food for sale is closely connected with urban development. In Ancient Rome...